Table 3.
Factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy among schizophrenia outpatients under follow-up at AMSH Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, June 2014 (n = 412).
| Variables | Polypharmacy (%) | COR, 95% CI | AOR, 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Sex | Male | 92 | 195 | 1.99 (1.19, 3.30) | 1.16 (0.58, 2.31) |
| Female | 24 | 101 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity | Amhara | 37 | 75 | 1.07 (0.48, 2.35) | 1.17 (0.46, 2.94) |
| Oromo | 32 | 116 | 0.60 (0.27, 1.31) | 0.74 (0.29, 1.85) | |
| Tigre | 10 | 11 | 1.97 (0.65, 5.89) | 1.54 (0.43, 5.52) | |
| Gurage | 25 | 68 | 0.80 (0.35, 1.81) | 0.87 (0.82, 2.74) | |
| Others | 12 | 26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
|
| |||||
| Residence | Urban | 88 | 192 | 1.70 (1.04, 2.77) | 1.50 (0.82, 2.74) |
| Rural | 28 | 104 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
|
| |||||
| Marital status | Married | 15 | 65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Single | 81 | 189 | 1.86 (1.00, 3.45) | 0.73 (0.37, 1.43) | |
| Separated | 11 | 13 | 3.67 (1.37, 9.76) | 2.11 (0.83, 5.35) | |
| Divorced | 8 | 24 | 1.44 (0.54, 3.84) | 0.80 (0.32, 2.02) | |
| Widowed | 1 | 5 | 0.86 (0.09, 7.97) | 0.64 (0.06, 5.97) | |
|
| |||||
| Occupational status |
Employed | 17 | 51 | 3.17 (0.66, 15.02) | 2.60 (0.45, 14.93) |
| Private business | 18 | 52 | 3.29 (0.69, 15.53) | 1.79 (0.30, 10.66) | |
| Daily laborer | 11 | 26 | 4.02 (0.79, 20.28) | 2.26 (0.35, 14.56) | |
| Jobless | 66 | 130 | 4.82 (1.09, 21.33) | 2.99 (0.52, 16.91) | |
| Student | 2 | 18 | 1.06 (0.13, 8.31) | 1.16 (0.11, 12.13) | |
| Housewife | 2 | 19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
|
| |||||
| Duration of illness | <5 years | 28 | 115 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–10 years | 34 | 76 | 1.83 (1.03, 3.27) | 0.72 (0.29, 1.75) | |
| >10 years | 54 | 105 | 2.11 (1.24, 3.58) | 0.43 (0.13,1.46) | |
|
| |||||
| Duration of treatment | <5 years | 37 | 161 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–10 years | 35 | 60 | 2.53 (1.46, 4.39) | 1.93 (1.07,3.49)∗ | |
| >10 years | 44 | 75 | 2.55 (1.52, 4.27) | 2.24 (1.29,3.89)∗ | |
|
| |||||
| Number of admissions | None | 65 | 225 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| One | 20 | 46 | 1.51 (0.83, 2.72) | 1.50 (0.80, 2.80) | |
| Two or more | 31 | 25 | 4.29 (2.36, 7.78) | 3.16 (1.68,5.94)∗ | |
|
| |||||
| Substance use (Khat, alcohol, and tobacco) | No | 54 | 196 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 62 | 100 | 2.25 (1.45, 3.48) | 1.69 (1.06,2.71)∗ | |
|
| |||||
| Extra pyramidal side effect |
No | 94 | 275 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 22 | 21 | 3.07 (1.61, 5.82) | 2.76 (1.38,5.53)∗ | |
|
| |||||
| Drug adherence |
Yes | 52 | 191 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 64 | 105 | 2.24 (1.44, 3.46) | 1.96 (1.22,3.15)∗ | |
∗ p value is significant at p < 0.05.