Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with HBV infection in the study participants, Arba Minch Hospital, 2015.
| Variables | Seroprevalence | COR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | |||||
| Age | ||||||
| 15–19 | 1 (6.2%) | 15 (93.8%) | 1.617 (0.169–15.458) | 0.677 | ||
| 20–24 | 3 (4.3%) | 66 (95.7%) | 1.102 (0.239–5.087) | 0.901 | ||
| 25–29 | 4 (4.0%) | 97 (96.0%) | 1 | |||
| 30–34 | 1 (2.9%) | 34 (97.1%) | 0.713 (0.077–6.606) | 0.766 | ||
| 35–39 | 1 (9.1%) | 10 (90.9%) | 2.425 (0.247–23.850) | 0.448 | ||
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 9 (4.2%) | 205 (95.8%) | 1 | |||
| Rural | 1 (5.6%) | 17 (94.4%) | 1.340 (0.160–11.212) | 0.787 | ||
| Educational status | ||||||
| Unable to read and write | 2 (4.3%) | 45 (95.7%) | 0.833 (0.147–4.734) | 0.837 | ||
| Primary | 4 (5.1%) | 75 (94.9%) | 1 | |||
| Secondary | 2 (2.8%) | 69 (97.2%) | 0.543 (0.096–3.061) | 0.489 | ||
| Tertiary | 2 (5.7%) | 33 (94.3%) | 1.136 (0.198–6.514) | 0.886 | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Government | 2 (3.0%) | 65 (97.0%) | 0.585 (0.118–2.893) | 0.511 | ||
| Housewife | 7 (5.0%) | 133 (95.0%) | 1 | |||
| Others | 1 (4.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 0.792 (0.093–6.728) | 0.831 | ||
| Trimesters | ||||||
| First (<14 weeks) | 2 (5.1%) | 37 (94.9%) | 1.286 (0.240–6.908) | 0.769 | ||
| Second (14–28 weeks) | 5 (4.0%) | 119 (96.0%) | 1 | |||
| Third (>28 weeks) | 3 (4.3%) | 66 (95.7%) | 1.082 (0.251–4.670) | 0.916 | ||
| Gravidity | ||||||
| Primigravidae | 4 (4.7%) | 81 (95.3%) | 1.160 (0.318–4.234) | 0.822 | ||
| Multigravidae | 6 (4.1%) | 141 (95.9%) | 1 | |||
| Blood transfusion | ||||||
| No | 8 (3.7%) | 208 (96.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (12.5%) | 14 (87.5%) | 3.714 (0.720–19.172) | 0.117⊕ | 1.689 (0.232–12.296) | 0.605 |
| Ear piercing | ||||||
| No | 2 (15.4%) | 11 (84.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 8 (3.7%) | 211 (96.3%) | 0.209 (0.039–1.101) | 0.065⊕ | 0.220 (0.022–2.161) | 0.194 |
| Nose piercing | ||||||
| No | 9 (4.1%) | 213 (95.9%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1 (10.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 2.630 (0.300–23.054) | 0.383 | ||
| Body tattooing | ||||||
| No | 8 (3.7%) | 209 (96.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (13.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | 4.019 (0.774–20.879) | 0.098⊕ | 5.372 (0.617–46.751) | 0.128 |
| Tooth extraction | ||||||
| No | 8 (4.5%) | 171 (95.5%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 2 (3.8%) | 51 (96.2%) | 0.838 (0.173–4.073) | 0.827 | ||
| Hospital admission | ||||||
| No | 8 (4.6%) | 167 (95.4%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 2 (3.5%) | 55 (96.5%) | 0.759 (0.156–3.682) | 0.732 | ||
| History of surgery | ||||||
| No | 9 (4.2%) | 204 (95.8%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1 (5.3%) | 18 (94.7%) | 1.259 (0.151–10.506) | 0.831 | ||
| Contact with liver disease patient | ||||||
| No | 9 (4.1%) | 211 (95.9%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1 (8.3%) | 11 (91.7%) | 2.131 (0.248–18.353) | 0.491 | ||
| History of abortion | ||||||
| No | 3 (1.7%) | 175 (98.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 7 (13.0%) | 47 (87.0%) | 8.688 (2.163–34.891) | 0.002⊕ | 7.775 (1.538–39.301) | 0.013∗ |
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| No | 7 (3.6%) | 187 (96.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 3 (7.9%) | 35 (92.1%) | 3.562 (0.956–13.276) | 0.058⊕ | 1.674 (0.339–8.257) | 0.527 |
| Delivery by TBA | ||||||
| No | 9 (4.2%) | 204 (95.8%) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1 (5.3%) | 18 (94.7%) | 1.259 (0.151–10.506) | 0.831 | ||
| History of STD | ||||||
| No | 8 (3.6%) | 215 (96.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 7.679 (1.371–42.995) | 0.020⊕ | 2.430 (0.243–24.295) | 0.450 |
| Multiple sexual partners | ||||||
| No | 8 (3.6%) | 212 (96.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 5.300 (0.993–28.275) | 0.051⊕ | 7.189 (1.039–49.755) | 0.046∗ |
⊕Candidate variable for multivariate analysis at p < 0.25; ∗variable significant by the multivariate analysis at p < 0.05. COR: crude odds ratio, AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, TBA: traditional birth attendant, and STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease.