Table 2.
The MIC values of aqueous and methanol extracts of miswak against 10 MDR pathogenic organisms.
| MDR bacterial isolates∗ |
MIC values (mg/mL) | MIC values (µg/mL)∗∗ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miswak extracts | Positive control | |||
| Aqueous | Methanol | VAN | TOB | |
| MRSA | 12.5 | 6.25 | 1.0 | NT |
| MRSE | 6.25 | 3.125 | 0.5 | NT |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 1.56 | 1.56 | 0.125 | NT |
| E. faecalis | 3.125 | 3.125 | 0.5 | NT |
| E. coli | 1.56 | 0.39 | NT | 0.25 |
| K. pneumonia | 3.125 | 0.781 | NT | 0.5 |
| P. aeruginosa | 6.25 | 1.56 | NT | 1.0 |
| S. marcescens | 1.56 | 1.56 | NT | 2.0 |
| A. baumannii | 12.5 | 6.25 | NT | 8.0 |
| S. maltophilia | 12.5 | 6.25 | NT | 4.0 |
∗MRSA: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSE: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis.
∗∗VAN: vancomycin, TOB: tobramycin, and NT: not tested.
The CLSI MIC Interpretive Criteria for vancomycin (VAN): ≤2 µg/mL: Susceptible, 4–8 µg/mL: Intermediate, ≥16 µg/mL: Resistant [21].
The CLSI MIC interpretive criteria for tobramycin (TOB): ≤4 ug/mL: susceptible, 8 µg/mL: intermediate, and ≥16 µg/mL: resistant [21].