Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m2) | Total n = 4223 |
P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dialysis n = 81 |
< 30 n = 146 |
30 – 59 n = 818 |
60 – 89 n = 1958 |
≥90 n = 1220 |
|||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (yrs) | 62.2 ± 11.8 | 65.1 ± 12.9 | 65.7 ± 12.1 | 59.1 ± 11.8 | 53.4 ± 10.6 | 59.0 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 44 (54.3%) | 82 (56.2%) | 462 (56.5%) | 1363 (69.6%) | 879 (72.0%) | 2830 (67.0%) | |
| Female | 37 (45.7%) | 64 (43.8%) | 356 (43.5%) | 595 (30.4%) | 341 (28.0%) | 1393 (33.0%) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||||||
| White/Caucasian | 38 (46.9%) | 91 (62.3%) | 582 (71.1%) | 1384 (70.7%) | 746 (61.1%) | 2841 (67.3%) | |
| Black/African-American | 41 (50.6%) | 46 (31.5%) | 192 (23.5%) | 435 (22.2%) | 383 (31.4%) | 1097 (26.0%) | |
| Other | 2 (2.5%) | 9 (6.2%) | 44 (5.4%) | 139 (7.1%) | 91 (7.5%) | 285 (6.7%) | |
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 5 (6.4%) | 10 (7.1%) | 35 (4.4%) | 107 (5.6%) | 104 (8.8%) | 261 (6.4%) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 73 (93.6%) | 131 (92.9%) | 760 (95.6%) | 1800 (94.4%) | 1080 (91.2%) | 3844 (93.6%) | |
| Unknown | 3 | 5 | 23 | 51 | 36 | 118 | |
| Payor | |||||||
| None/self-pay | 11 (13.9%) | 18 (12.6%) | 121 (14.9%) | 443 (23.1%) | 341 (28.4%) | 934 (22.5%) | < 0.001 |
| unknown | 2 | 3 | 6 | 37 | 21 | 69 | |
| Medical History | |||||||
| Obesity1 | 24 (32.4%) | 59 (45.4%) | 328 (42.6%) | 775 (41.4%) | 456 (39.5%) | 1642 (41.0%) | 0.26 |
| missing | 7 | 16 | 48 | 86 | 65 | 222 | |
| Smoking2 | 13 (16.0%) | 25 (17.1%) | 197 (24.1%) | 772 (39.4%) | 608 (49.8%) | 1615 (38.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 71 (87.7%) | 133 (91.1%) | 655 (80.1%) | 1251 (63.9%) | 707 (58.0%) | 2817 (66.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 57 (70.4%) | 93 (63.7%) | 339 (41.4%) | 500 (25.5%) | 319 (26.1%) | 1308 (31.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 32 (39.5%) | 82 (56.2%) | 464 (56.7%) | 940 (48.0%) | 546 (44.8%) | 2064 (48.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Prior MI/PCI/CABG | 42 (51.9%) | 82 (56.2%) | 325 (39.7%) | 584 (29.8%) | 309 (25.3%) | 1342 (31.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic Heart Failure | 19 (23.5%) | 43 (29.5%) | 119 (14.5%) | 137 (7.0%) | 45 (3.7%) | 363 (8.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (9.9%) | 14 (9.6%) | 65 (7.9%) | 88 (4.5%) | 31 (2.5%) | 206 (4.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Pacemaker implantation | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (2.1%) | 15 (1.8%) | 13 (0.7%) | 5 (0.4%) | 37 (0.9%) | 0.004 |
| Prior cerebrovascular accident | 15 (18.5%) | 19 (13.0%) | 50 (6.1%) | 83 (4.2%) | 39 (3.2%) | 206 (4.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (11.1%) | 15 (10.3%) | 54 (6.6%) | 77 (3.9%) | 37 (3.0%) | 192 (4.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical variables during admission | |||||||
| Final MI diagnosis | < 0.001 | ||||||
| STEMI | 14 (17.3%) | 22 (15.6%) | 306 (37.9%) | 897 (46.0%) | 575 (47.4%) | 1814 (43.3%) | |
| NSTEMI | 67 (82.7%) | 119 (84.4%) | 501 (62.1%) | 1053 (54.0%) | 638 (52.6%) | 2378 (56.7%) | |
| missing | 5 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 31 | ||
| In-hospital PCI | 34 (42.0%) | 45 (30.8%) | 469 (57.3%) | 1352 (69.1%) | 863 (70.7%) | 2763 (65.4%) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital CABG | 7 (8.6%) | 19 (13.0%) | 84 (10.3%) | 169 (8.6%) | 102 (8.4%) | 381 (9.0%) | 0.25 |
| Decreased LVSF3 | 19 (23.5%) | 42 (28.8%) | 163 (20.0%) | 353 (18.0%) | 206 (16.9%) | 783 (18.6%) | 0.005 |
| missing | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |||
| Acute kidney injury | < 0.001 | ||||||
| No AKI | 0 (0.0%) | 93 (63.7%) | 645 (78.9%) | 1780 (90.9%) | 1084 (88.9%) | 3602 (85.3%) | |
| AKI | 0 (0.0%) | 53 (36.3%) | 173 (21.1%) | 178 (9.1%) | 136 (11.1%) | 540 (12.8%) | |
| Dialysis-dependence | 81 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 81 (1.9%) | |
Continuous variables compared using one-way analysis of variance; categorical variables compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
1
Defined as body mass index > 30kg/m2
2
Defined as occurring within the past 1 month
3
Defined as moderate or severe
Abbreviations: MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; STEMI, ST-elevation MI; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation MI; LVSF, left ventricular systolic function; AKI, acute kidney injury