Table 4.

Exercise results in decreased secretion of the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and MMP-9, upon LPS and IFN-γ stimulation.

Inflammatory mediator	Group	Time	LPS + IFN-γ		IQ
			Mean fold change ± SEM	P values	Mean fold change ± SEM	P values
IL-1β	EX	PRE	89.3 ± 11.5	0.461	2.2 ± 0.2	0.790
		POST	77.1 ± 11.5		2.0 ± 0.2
	SED	PRE	94.1 ± 19.5	0.258	2.7 ± 0.6	0.029
		POST	72.0 ± 16.9		1.8 ± 0.4
IL-6	EX	PRE	111.0 ± 7.7	1.000	15.7 ± 2.1	1.000
		POST	110.8 ± 6.5		15.9 ± 2.5
	SED	PRE	103.5 ± 12.8	0.782	16.8 ± 3.1	1.000
		POST	109.7 ± 11.0		14.5 ± 3.4
IL-12p70	EX	PRE	26.0 ± 7.6	0.313	1.2 ± 0.1	1.000
		POST	15.2 ± 4.1		1.2 ± 0.2
	SED	PRE	18.1 ± 6.4	1.000	1.6 ± 0.4	0.410
		POST	19.5 ± 6.8		2.2 ± 0.6
TNF-α	EX	PRE	55.1 ± 5.7	0.028	1.6 ± 0.1	0.926
		POST	39.2 ± 4.4		1.5 ± 0.1
	SED	PRE	43.9 ± 8.0	1.000	1.6 ± 0.2	0.168
		POST	46.5 ± 9.3		1.3 ± 0.2
IFN-α	EX	PRE	2.1 ± 0.6	1.000	7.4 ± 1.2	1.000
		POST	2.7 ± 0.9		8.0 ± 1.6
	SED	PRE	1.9 ± 0.8	1.000	6.7 ± 1.8	0.231
		POST	1.7 ± 0.6		4.4 ± 1.0
Caspase-1	EX	PRE	8.8 ± 0.7	0.604	4.8 ± 0.7	0.260
		POST	8.0 ± 0.7		3.6 ± 0.4
	SED	PRE	8.1 ± 1.0	1.000	3.6 ± 0.6	1.000
		POST	6.8 ± 0.8		3.8 ± 0.9
MMP-9	EX	PRE	7.9 ± 0.8	0.040	2.2 ± 0.2	1.000
		POST	6.2 ± 0.5		2.1 ± 0.1
	SED	PRE	6.5 ± 1.0	0.233	2.0 ± 0.2	1.000
		POST	6.4 ± 0.6		2.0 ± 0.3

Blood samples were stimulated overnight with LPS in combination with IFN-γ, or IQ. Secretion of inflammatory mediators was quantified using ELISA. Mean fold changes are calculated as the ratio of the secreted concentration in the stimulated condition to the nonstimulated condition. Results are shown as mean fold change ± SEM.

LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IQ, imiquimod; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IFN, interferon; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; EX, exercise group; SED, sedentary control group; PRE, baseline measurement; POST, measurement after 12 weeks; SEM, standard error of the mean.