(a).
| First author Year |
Country | Source and study type | Sample size | Female (%) | Age range | OR or RR (95% CI) | Adjusted variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sabanayagam 2012 [17] |
America | Population-based Cross-sectional |
6522 | 48.8 | 20–85 | 1.44 (1.16–1.79)a | Age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, depression, SBP, CRP, and TC |
| Valham 2009 [18] |
Sweden | Population-based Cross-sectional |
7905 | 51.2 | 25–79 | Female: 1.58 (1.02–2.44)a
Male: 0.92 (0.64–1.33)a |
Smoking, age, BMI, and waist circumference |
| Renko 2005 [19] |
Finland | Population-based Cross-sectional |
593 | 58.7 | 61–63 | 1.93 (1.04–3.57)a | Age, weight gain, smoking, alcohol dependence, and physical inactivity |
| Marchesini 2004 [20] |
Italy | Population-based Cross-sectional |
1890 | 78 | 20–65 | 1.31 (0.95–1.81)a
Female: 1.62 (1.11–2.36)a Male: 0.81 (0.45–1.50)a |
Age, sex, and BMI |
| Lindberg 2007 [21] |
Sweden | Population-based Cross-sectional |
6779 | 100% | 20–99 | No EDS: 1.36 (0.87–2.13)a
EDS: 1.82 (0.97–3.43)a |
Age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol dependency |
| Enright 1996 [22] |
America | Population-based Cross-sectional |
5201 | 57% | ≥65 | Women: 1.34 (0.10–1.65)a | Age and being married |
| Al-Delaimy 2002 [23] |
America | Population-based Prospective cohort |
69852 | 100% | 40–65 | 1.63 (1.29–2.07)b | Age, high TC, high BP, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol use, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of diabetes, sleeping position, sleep time, years of shift-work, and WHR |
| Elmasry 2000 [1] |
Sweden | Population-based Prospective cohort |
2504 | 0% | 30–69 | Nonobese: 1.06 (0.36–3.1)a
Obese: 7.0 (2.9–16.9)a |
Age, weight gain, smoking, alcohol dependence, and physical inactivity |