Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics in 259 patients hospitalized for CAP, stratified according to long-term mortality.
| Variable | Total (n = 259) | Alivea (n = 180) | Dead (n = 79) | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 66 (52–77) | 61 (47–70) | 78 (70–88) | < .001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 133 (51.4) | 84 (46.7) | 49 (62.0) | .03 |
| Active smoker, n (%) | 65 (25.2) | 57 (31.7) | 8 (10.3) | .001 |
| Nursing home resident, n (%) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | .004 |
| Duration of symptoms (days)c | 4 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (2–6) | .23 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| CVDd | 70 (27.0) | 29 (16.1) | 41 (51.9) | < .001 |
| COPD | 60 (23.2) | 28 (15.6) | 32 (40.5) | < .001 |
| Immunocompromizede | 46 (17.8) | 24 (13.3) | 22 (27.8) | .002 |
| Autoimmune diseasef | 34 (13.1) | 23 (12.8) | 11 (13.9) | .59 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 (12.7) | 20 (11.1) | 13 (16.5) | .32 |
| Renal disease | 30 (11.6) | 11 (6.1) | 19 (24.1) | < .001 |
| Neurological diseaseg | 16 (6.2) | 6 (3.3) | 10 (12.7) | .01 |
| Dementia | 14 (5.4) | 2 (1.1) | 12 (15.2) | < .001 |
| Liver disease | 4 (1.5) | 4 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | .40 |
| Vaccination status, n (%) | ||||
| Influenza vaccination (<1 year) | 64 (33.2) | 39 (27.7) | 25 (48.1) | .01 |
| Pneumococcal vaccination (<10 years) | 24 (12.3) | 12 (8.4) | 12 (23.1) | .004 |
| Severity of illness, n (%) | ||||
| CURB-65 ≥3h | 91 (36.5) | 42 (24.3) | 49 (64.5) | < .001 |
| ICU admission | 41 (15.8) | 26 (14.4) | 15 (19.0) | .33 |
Note: Data are presented as No. (%) or median (25th–75th percentile). Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CURB-65, Confusion-Urea-Respiratory-Blood pressure-65 score; ICU, intensive care unit.
a One case was lost to follow-up (censored) at day 1.
b Comparison between patients who were alive or dead at the end of follow-up.
c Days of clinical symptoms at admission.
d Coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, aneurysm.
e Primary or acquired immunodeficiency, active malignancy, immunosuppressive drugs.
f Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Sjogren’s disease, psoriasis.
g Central nervous disease, neuromuscular disease.
h Patients were classified according to the CURB-65 severity scoring system (score ≥3, high-risk group).