Table 2.

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for CVA

Preoperative or operative variable	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p Value
Male sex	1.26	0.73–2.18	0.402
Age ≥ 75 years	2.50	1.44–4.35	0.001*
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus	3.08	1.47–6.45	0.003*
Hypertension	2.71	1.19–6.13	0.017*
History of myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention	1.67	0.81–3.42	0.164
History of transient ischemic attack	2.83	1.24–6.45	0.013*
Dyspnea	2.51	1.30–4.86	0.006*
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2.33	1.06–5.13	0.036*
General anesthesia	1.57	0.81–3.05	0.181
Operative time ≥ 3 hours	3.25	1.60–6.60	0.001*
TKA	0.61	0.33–1.12	0.108
Multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion	2.66	0.62–11.48	0.190
Multilevel posterior or posterolateral lumbar fusion	1.84	0.69–4.94	0.224

* Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05); CVA = cerebrovascular accident.