Table 1.

Experimental task schedule performed on each of the four consecutive experimental sessions.

Task	# of trials	Task instruction/Description	Average duration (minutes)
Survey	1	Setup and Explanation (day 1) Learn the basic controls via explanation	1
Rest	1	Eyes open, hand resting on yoke Observe straight and level autopilot flight	1
Finger tap	1	Using right hand, touch thumb to each finger in sequence	0.5
N-back	6	Adaptive threshold (at 80% accuracy) N-back on 3 × 3 grid of visual orientation of aircraft, flight number and spatial location (3 × 3 grid)	10
Situational awareness	4	Memorize gauge cluster images with 15 s distractor task and 30 s. for recall	10
Climb to fixed altitude	1	Adjust altitude from 5000 to 6000 ft. and back to 5000 ft. Maintain vertical speed at < 1000 ft./min with level roll	5
Turn at constant roll angle	1	Change bearing/azimuth from 90° to 180° and back to 90° with a maximum roll angle of 20°	5
Descend @ constant Rate	1	Adjust altitude from 3000 to 1000 ft. at a 800 ft./min rate of descent	5
Autopilot landing (observe)	1	Observe the autopilot approach on the “Easy Landing” runway in perfect weather and high visibility	2
Easy landing	5	Control all aspects of landing in perfect weather and high visibility	10
Nighttime landing	2	Control all aspects of landing in perfect weather at night, with runway lights (low visibility)	4
No-lights landing	2	Control all aspects in approach with zero visibility	4
Hard landing (Mountains)	1	Difficult visual-only approach over terrain where the runway is initially obstructed from view over a mountain range	6
Hard landing (Turbulence)	1	Control all aspects of landing with turbulence value is set to level 1 out of 10 (instead of 0), with high visibility	2