Table 1.
Comparisons of subject characteristics between evacuees and non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees
| Baseline (2008–2010) |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evacuees | Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | Evacuees | Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | Evacuees | Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | Evacuees | Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | Evacuees | Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | |
| City of residence (N) | ||||||||||
| Minamisoma | 960 | 2818 | 216 | 832 | 627 | 1925 | 657 | 2055 | 617 | 1990 |
| Soma | 0 | 2628 | 0 | 2038 | 0 | 1961 | 0 | 1625 | 0 | 1601 |
| Total | 960 | 5446 | 216 | 2870 | 627 | 3886 | 657 | 3680 | 617 | 3591 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age in years (mean, SD) | 62.0 (6.6) | 62.4 (7.1) | 64.9 (6.3) | 64.8 (7.3) | 65.3 (6.4) | 65.3 (6.9) | 65.5 (6.5) | 65.7 (6.6) | 66.0 (6.3) | 66.3 (6.3) |
| Gender (N, %) | ||||||||||
| Male | 404 (41.9) | 2203 (40.5) | 95 (44.0) | 1169 (40.7) | 267 (42.6) | 1578 (40.6) | 281 (42.8) | 1459 (39.7) | 254 (41.2) | 1375 (38.3) |
| Female | 556 (58.1) | 3243 (59.5) | 121 (56.0) | 1701 (59.3) | 360 (57.4) | 2308 (59.4) | 376 (57.2) | 2221 (60.4) | 363 (58.8) | 2216 (61.7) |
| Clinical characteristics (mean, SD) | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 (3.2) | 23.5 (3.3) | 24.0 (3.4) | 23.6 (3.3) | 24.2 (3.3)*** | 23.6 (3.4)*** | 24.0 (3.3)** | 23.6 (3.4)** | 23.7 (3.4)* | 23.4 (3.4)* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130.5 (16.1) | 130.7 (16.3) | 130.0 (14.6) | 131.7 (16.0) | 128.9 (15.5)* | 130.7 (16.2)* | 128.0 (14.6) | 128.7 (15.2) | 126.5 (14.1)** | 128.4 (14.8)** |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77.5 (9.5) | 77.5 (9.7) | 78.0 (11.3) | 79.0 (10.2) | 76.7 (10.2) | 76.9 (10.3) | 76.3 (9.2) | 75.7 (9.8) | 74.6 (9.3) | 75.1 (9.6) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.5) | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.6) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 61.4 (14.4) | 61.4 (14.8) | 59.8 (14.5) | 60.9 (14.7) | 56.2 (13.2)*** | 58.8 (14.3)*** | 57.9 (13.9)** | 59.6 (14.3)** | 58.1 (13.8)*** | 60.3 (14.8)*** |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 124.9 (30.0) | 125.4 (31.0) | 126.5 (30.9) | 124.4 (31.1) | 120.0 (31.1) | 122.2 (31.0) | 123.5 (30.5) | 124.8 (31.0) | 121.0 (29.7)** | 124.8 (31.2)** |
| ALT/GPT (IU/L) | 22.0 (13.3) | 22.7 (18.5) | 23.3 (16.5) | 24.7 (17.7) | 24.2 (16.4) | 23.4 (18.2) | 23.0 (16.6) | 22.1 (19.3) | 22.8 (16.4) | 22.1 (14.6) |
| AST/GOT (IU/L) | 24.8 (11.5) | 25.1 (11.9) | 24.8 (8.7) | 26.4 (15.0) | 26.4 (13.9) | 25.7 (12.2) | 25.1 (12.2) | 24.9 (15.6) | 24.6 (10.9) | 24.8 (14.7) |
| γ-GTP (IU/L) | 34.0 (40.9) | 37.4 (51.4) | 35.8 (42.4) | 39.3 (56.7) | 38.6 (43.8) | 36.6 (44.9) | 36.8 (51.2) | 36.4 (56.4) | 34.5 (63.7) | 35.8 (55.2) |
| Urine protein (N, % of positive) | 16 (1.7) | 115 (2.1) | 3 (1.4) | 58 (2.0) | 6 (1.0) | 64 (1.7) | 13 (2.0) | 59 (1.6) | 8 (1.3) | 68 (1.9) |
| Urine occult blood (N, % of positive) | 55 (5.7) | 319 (5.9) | 20 (9.3) | 209 (7.6) | 17 (2.7)* | 184 (4.8)* | 30 (4.6) | 185 (5.1) | 30 (4.9) | 163 (4.6) |
| Urine glucose (N, % of positive) | 19 (2.0) | 130 (2.4) | 2 (0.9) | 60 (2.1) | 8 (1.3) | 89 (2.3) | 10 (1.5) | 74 (2.0) | 14 (2.3) | 68 (1.9) |
| Medical characteristics of interests (N, %) | ||||||||||
| Presence of diseases | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | 74 (7.7) | 415 (7.7) | 20 (9.3) | 226 (8.0) | 64 (10.2) | 368 (9.5) | 86 (13.1) | 423 (11.6) | 84 (13.6) | 399 (11.2) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 430 (44.8) | 2390 (44.3) | 109 (50.5) | 1290 (45.2) | 336 (53.6)** | 1815 (46.8)** | 394 (60.0)*** | 1877 (51.2)*** | 341 (55.3) | 1874 (52.6) |
| Hypertension | 437 (45.5) | 2463 (45.3) | 112 (51.9) | 1506 (52.6) | 333 (53.1) | 2020 (52.1) | 366 (55.7)* | 1888 (51.3)* | 297 (48.1) | 1758 (49.2) |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 for evacuees versus non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees: Un-paired t test for continuous outcomes and χ2 test for categorical outcomes.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.