Table 3.
Random-effects regression model: OR (95% CI)
| Variable | Diabetes† | Hyperlipidaemia‡ | Hypertension§ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Evacuation status | |||
| Non-evacuees/temporary-evacuees | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Evacuees | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.35) | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.32)** | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.09) |
| Year | |||
| 2012 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2013 | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.47)** | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.19) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.04) |
| 2014 | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.43)** | 1.19 (1.08 to 1.30)*** | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.88)*** |
| City | |||
| Minamisoma | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Soma | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.23) | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.93)*** | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) |
| Age in years | |||
| (40–65) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| (65–74) | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.48)*** | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.22)** | 2.47 (2.27 to 2.69)*** |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.43 (0.37 to 0.49)*** | 1.91 (1.75 to 2.10)*** | 0.71 (0.65 to 0.79)*** |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| BMI | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.15)*** | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.09)*** | 1.18 (1.17 to 1.2)*** |
| HbA1c (%) | – | 1.61 (1.48 to 1.75)*** | – |
| γ-GTP (IU/L) | – | – | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)*** |
| Urine protein | |||
| Negative/trace | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Positive | 2.96 (2.16 to 4.05)*** | – | 2.21 (1.56 to 3.13)*** |
| Medical records | |||
| Use of medicines | |||
| Diabetes | |||
| No | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.07) | 1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)*** |
| Hyperlipidaemia | |||
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.15 (1.89 to 2.45)*** | – | 1.49 (1.36 to 1.63)*** |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 1.49 (1.31 to 1.69)*** | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16) | – |
| Family disease history | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.49 (3.08 to 3.96)*** | 4.45 (3.35 to 5.89)*** | 3.12 (2.87 to 3.38)*** |
| Lifestyle | |||
| Tobacco use | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.51)* | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.84)*** |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| None/rarely | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.96)* | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.03) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21) |
| Every day | 0.68 (0.57 to 0.80)*** | 0.56 (0.50 to 0.62)*** | 1.72 (1.53 to 1.94)*** |
| Low intensity exercise (Q3)¶ | |||
| No | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.27 (1.12 to 1.43)*** | – | – |
| Eating speed (Q10)†† | |||
| Normal | – | – | 1.00 |
| Fast | – | – | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99)* |
| Slow | – | – | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.84)*** |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, adjusted for covariates.
†Surgical history of oesophagus/stomach was also adjusted (data not shown).
‡Surgical history of oesophagus/stomach and treatment history of heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease and blood disease were also adjusted (data not shown).
§Treatment history of heart disease was also adjusted (data not shown).
¶Q3: Do you walk for at least 1 h every day or have equivalent physical activities in your daily life?
††Q10: How fast do you eat compared to others?
BMI, body mass index; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin.