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. 2016 Feb 9;47:24. doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0313-5

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© Xia et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Modulating APN expression affects ETEC adherence. A Adhesion of F4 E. coli strains to IPEC-J2 cells. Bacterial adherence to the original IPEC-J2 cell line was normalized to 100%. B In vitro inhibition assay. Adherence of F4⁺ ETEC to IPEC-J2 cells after pre-incubation with anti-F4 fimbriae monoclonal antiserum (1:100 dilution) or with anti-APN polyclonal antiserum (1:1, 1:10, 1:100 dilutions). The adhesion of the untreated samples was normalized 100%. The experiments were repeated three times and data are expressed as mean ± standard deviations (p < 0.05).