Figure 3. Monitoring ctDNA in plasma during clinical disease course.

Levels of BRAF and NRAS mutated ctDNA in plasma collected longitudinally from five melanoma patients during treatment with A.-D. dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy, followed by immunotherapies and E. during ipilimumab treatment. Clinical outcomes revealed by CT and/or PET scans are indicated at each assessment time (arrows). Patient death is indicated by a red cross (†). A. PET scan images at four clinical assessment time points for comparison with ctDNA levels.