Figure 4. DSF inhibits ERK/NF-κB/Snail pathway.
A. Immunofluorescence staining shows that DSF (15 μM) inhibited TGF-β (10 ng/ml) induced p65 nuclear translocation (× 400 magnification). B. Western blot results of NF-κB p65 and IκBα proteins derived from cells treated with TGF-β (10 ng/ml) alone or combined with DSF (5, 10, 15 μM). C. EMSA results of nuclear extract derived from cells at different treatment conditions. D. The effect of DSF on the upstream signaling (ERK, p-ERK) and downstream signaling (Snail) of NF-κB was determined by western blot.