Altered frequencies of CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1), Th17, Th22, Th2, Th9, and Tr1 cells following neutralization of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 19 (IL-19), and interleukin 24 (IL-24). Frequencies of CD4+ Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tr1 cells stimulated by saline extracts of Brugia malayi adult worms were measured by flow cytometry following neutralization of IL-10 (A), IL-19 (B), IL-24 (C), or isotype control antibody in 26 filariae-infected individuals. The data are represented as line diagrams, with each line representing a single individual. The shaded portion represents the upper threshold for the frequencies in uninfected subjects, and each triangle represents a single individual. P values were calculated by the Wilcoxon signed rank test, followed by the Holm correction. Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon γ; IgG2B, immunoglobulin G2B; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-9, interleukin 9; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-13, interleukin 13; IL-17, interleukin 17; IL-22, interleukin 22; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.