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. 2016 Jan 14;113(5):E587–E596. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1518130113

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Exosome-mediated transfer of EBER1 triggers an antiviral response in recipient DCs. (A and B) Small RNA class distribution in exosomes from EBV+ LCLs and EBV− BJAB and primary B cells. Data are expressed as percentage relative to the total amount of sequencing reads (A). Relative percentage of Pol I, II, and III transcripts in LCL and control exosomes (B). (C and D) DCs were either incubated with exosomes from EBV+/EBV− cells or transfected with matching amounts of exosomal RNA (exoRNA), and the expression of ISGs was assessed by qPCR after 18 h of incubation (C). Exosomal RNA from EBV+ LCLs, but not from EBV− BJAB cells induced IFITM1 and IFITM3 expression (D). (E) qPCR analysis of EBER1 RNA and EBV-DNA in DCs at specific time points during the coculture period, using transwells with 1- or 0.4-µm membrane pores. qPCR data are expressed as EBV-infected LCL cell equivalents. (F) qPCR analysis of IFITM1, IFITM3, and IFNB1 in DCs upon transfection or direct addition of 5′pppEBER1. Transcript levels are normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold-increase relative to experimental controls. (G) IFN-β and TNF-α production by DCs transfected with 5′pppEBER1; protein concentration was assessed by ELISA on culture supernatants.