Table 2.

Prevalence of health risk factors. United States and Costa Rica circa 2010, ages 55–79 y by sex (age-adjusted percentages)

Risk factors	Males		Females
	United States	Costa Rica	United States	Costa Rica
N	2,072	1,580	2,119	2,214
Total	100	100	100	100
Living arrangements
Living alone	14	8	23	8
Couple	60	23	55	28
3+ members	26	68	22	65
Uninsured*	13	13	14	5
Former smoker	36	37	22	10
Current smoker	18	23	14	8
BMI, kg/m2
Underweight <18.5	1	2	1	2
Normal 18.5 – <25	21	36	26	25
Overweight 25–29	41	43	31	39
Obese 30+	38	20	41	34
Central obesity†	58	27	76	77
Sedentary	31	15	28	9
High blood pressure
No	39	34	36	26
Controlled	39	21	40	26
Uncontrolled	23	45	24	48
(Ratio)‡	(1.7)	(0.5)	(1.6)	(0.5)
Dysglycemia
No	76	73	80	68
Controlled	7	9	7	9
Uncontrolled	17	18	13	23
(Ratio)‡	(0.4)	(0.5)	(0.5)	(0.4)
Dyslipidemia
No	38	53	35	33
Controlled	51	34	44	42
Uncontrolled	11	12	21	24
(Ratio)‡	(4.5)	(2.8)	(2.0)	(1.7)
Short telomeres	29	24	25	17
High CRP	7	7	11	11

Data from refs. 44 and 45.

^*Ages 55–64 y only.

^†Waist circumference ≥102 cm in males and 88 cm in females.

^‡Ratio of controlled to uncontrolled individuals.