Table 3.
Urinary arsenic levels.
| Urinary measure (μg/L) | Age groups
|
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–7 (n = 135)
|
8–17 (n = 55)
|
Adults ≥ 18 (n = 183)
|
||||||||||||||||
| % > LOD | Median | (Range) | 75th | 90th | 95th | % > LOD | Median | (Range) | 75th | 90th | 95th | % > LOD | Median | (Range) | 75th | 90th | 95th | |
| Total As | 100.0% | 12.20 | (1.87–63.4) | 19.90 | 32.01 | 43.6 | 100.0% | 11.79 | (2.94–38.8) | 17.41 | 19.72 | 23.2 | 99.5% | 12.10 | (0.42–147.2) | 20.40 | 35.70 | 54.6 |
| As3+ | 18.5% | <LOD | (0.85–3.50) | <LOD | 1.70 | 2.1 | 20.0% | <LOD | (0.85–3.20) | <LOD | 1.70 | 1.8 | 16.4% | <LOD | (0.85–5.50) | <LOD | 1.50 | 2.0 |
| As5+ | 9.6% | <LOD | (0.71–41.5) | <LOD | <LOD | 1.4 | 7.3% | <LOD | (0.71–1.70) | <LOD | <LOD | 1.1 | 6.0% | <LOD | (0.71–5.40) | <LOD | <LOD | 1.3 |
| MMA | 48.9%a | <LOD | (0.64–8.40) | 2.10 | 3.10 | 3.6 | 34.6%ab | <LOD | (0.64–7.80) | 1.80 | 2.80 | 4.0 | 33.3%b | <LOD | (0.64–7.90) | 1.80 | 2.90 | 3.3 |
| DMA | 97.0% | 7.50c | (1.20–33.7) | 11.20 | 17.70 | 23.9 | 94.6% | 6.70d | (1.20–25.1) | 8.30 | 10.50 | 15.0 | 93.4% | 5.10d | (1.20–47.6) | 7.50 | 12.50 | 15.4 |
| Arsenobetaine | 43.7%a | <LOD | (0.28–12.2) | 1.20 | 3.30 | 6.8 | 43.6%a | <LOD | (0.28–11.6) | 1.20 | 3.70 | 8.7 | 78.7%b | 2.10 | (0.28–101.9) | 6.90 | 13.30 | 22.6 |
| Summed | – | 10.26c | (3.39–48.2) | 15.10 | 22.81 | 32.3 | – | 8.89d | (3.39–34.2) | 11.66 | 15.41 | 21.4 | – | 7.39d | (3.39–62.8) | 10.99 | 17.30 | 21.3 |
| Subtracted | – | 11.22c | (1.40–61.8) | 17.31 | 30.51 | 42.2 | – | 10.02cd | (2.34–38.1) | 13.50 | 19.10 | 22.9 | – | 8.25d | (0.04–65.0) | 14.10 | 21.50 | 34.3 |
Summed urinary measure = (As3+ +As5+ + MMA + DMA). Subtracted urinary measure=(total As–arsenobetaine). <LOD represents urinary arsenic measures where the majority of samples were less than the limit of detection. Measures with different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between age groups, where ab indicates % > LOD comparisons and cd indicates urinary arsenic level comparisons.