Fig. 1.
Receptive and expressive language at age 3½ and age 5½ by fast mapping profile group. PLS-4 = Preschool Language Scale, 4th Edition. Error bars represent one standard error. Top panel At age 3½, poor learners had significantly lower receptive language skills than the other two groups; shallow and rich representers did not significantly differ. For expressive language, only the poor learners and rich representers significantly differed. Bottom panel At age 5½, poor learners had significantly lower receptive language skills than the other two groups; shallow and rich representers did not significantly differ. For expressive language, only the poor learners and rich representers significantly differed