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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg. 2016 Mar;263(3):565–572. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001049

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The Low Volume Resuscitation (LVR) time measured in 5 groups of shocked rats. The LVR time is the time from the start of the low volume resuscitation until the time of full resuscitation, based on the response of the plasma lactate levels. The values are mean ± SD with 6–12 animals per group. The numbers above the bars are the average plasma lactate value at the end of LVR. Since 10 was the cut off to end LVR by definition, most of the lactate values are very close to 10. However, the two groups with PEG-20k in the LVR solution were arbitrarily ended at a LVR time of 240 min and the ending lactate values were still far below the target of 10 mM. The standard LVR volume was chosen to be 20% of the calculated blood volume but this had to be cut in half for the PEG-20k groups because the response and diuresis were too intense. * P< 0.05 between all groups except between the two groups with PEG-20k, GLU = sodium gluconate.