Table 1.

Echocardiographic indexes for WT and HT mice

	2–4 m, Young		6–14 m, Older adult
Parameters	WT	HT	WT	HT constricted	HT dilated
n	7	7	11	11	12
IVSd, mm	0.87 ± 0.038	1.19 ± 0.1*	1.06 ± 0.04	1.49 ± 0.10**	1.31 ± 0.09*
LVIDd, mm	3.43 ± 0.14	3.17 ± 0.18	3.70 ± 0.07	2.80 ± 0.12**	4.47 ± 0.07*##
LVIDs, mm	2.15 ± 0.10	2.06 ± 0.20	2.44 ± 0.11	1.34 ± 0.14*	3.25 ± 0.11**##
LVPWd, mm	0.93 ± 0.05	1.18 ± 0.08*	1.01 ± 0.03	1.34 ± 0.08**	1.21 ± 0.07*#
FS, %	37.9 ± 2.14	35.5 ± 4.3	37.8 ± 1.4	44.4 ± 2.49	26.8 ± 1.7*#
Calculated LV mass, mg	130 ± 8	177 ± 20*	154 ± 6	203 ± 9**	275 ± 8*#
Aortic regurgitation frequency, %	0 (n = 5)	0 (n = 8)	0 (n = 9)	20 (n = 5)	60 (n = 10)
Aortic diameter, mm	1.56 ± 0.08 (n = 6)	1.71 ± 0.08 (n = 5)	1.547 ± 0.07 (n = 7)	2.04 ± 0.15* (n = 5)	2.50 ± 0.15**# (n = 7)
Mitral regurgitation frequency, %	0 (n = 5)	13 (n = 8)	0 (n = 5)	40 (n = 5)	100 (n = 7)

Values are means ± SE; n, no. of mice. WT, wild type; HT, heterozygous; IVSd, intraventricular septum in diastole; LVIDd, left ventricular (LV) internal diameter in diastole; LVIDs, LV internal diameter in systole; LVPWd, LV posterior wall in diastole; FS, fractional shortening.

^*P < 0.05 and

^**P < 0.01: WT vs. HT in corresponding age groups.

^#P < 0.05 and

^##P < 0.01: 6–14 m HT constricted vs. dilated.