Table 1.
FGF family members and cardiovascular effects
| FGF Subfamily | FGF Involved | Cardiovascular Effect | Studied Cardiovascular End Point in Humans |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGF1 | FGF1 | Angiogenesis | Peripheral artery disease (7, 80, 107) (pharmacological effect) |
| FGF2 | Angiogenesis | Coronary artery disease (94, 103) | |
| Peripheral artery disease (56, 117) (pharmacological effect) | |||
| FGF4 | FGF4 | Angiogenesis | Coronary artery disease (30–31, 37) (pharmacological effect) |
| FGF5 | Angiogenesis | Not available | |
| FGF15/19 | FGF19 | Not established | Coronary artery disease (34) (correlation with serum levels) |
| FGF23 | Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy | Left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease (32, 42) | |
| Coronary artery disease (112) | |||
| Cardiovascular death and heart failure (47, 110) (correlation with serum levels) | |||
| FGF21 | Lipid lowering | Lipid-lowering effects (26) (pharmacological effect) | |
| Carotid atherosclerosis (1, 10) | |||
| Coronary artery disease (64, 101) | |||
| Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (59) | |||
| Pericardial fat deposition (58) | |||
| Atrial fibrillation (33) (correlation with serum levels) |
The cardiovascular-related end point as a result of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pharmacologic action or observed correlation to FGF serum levels in humans is shown.