Figure 1.

Lactate levels are elevated in the cortex and hippocampus of aged APP/PS1 mice. A, Volume of interest in frontal cerebral cortex in the coronal plane. B, Representative spectrum showing the raw data (red line) obtained from the cortex of a 6-month-old APP/PS1 mouse, the fitted result (green line), and the residual line (blue line), which is the difference between the fit and the spectrum. Cho, Choline; Cr, creatine; Lac, lactate (highlighted by vertical red lines between 1.2 and 1.4 ppm); NAA, N-acetylaspartate. C, Quantification of average lactate as a ratio to total NAA for control mice and APP/PS1 mice (n = 5 and n = 12, respectively, for ages 3–9 months; n = 4 and n = 3, respectively, for age 12 months). D, Hippocampal ISF lactate levels in APP/PS1 mice are significantly elevated at 12 and 18 months of age compared with 3-month-old mice. E, A significant difference in hippocampal ISF lactate levels between control and APP/PS1 mice was detected at 12 months of age. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Data are shown as mean ± SEM.