Table 1. Trends in smoking among 11 to 17 year olds by social status. Prevalences and age-adjusted ORs (calculated using binary logistic regression) with 95% CI and p-values*.
| Current smokers | Daily smokers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KiGGS baseline study (2003–2006) |
KiGGS Wave 1 (2009–2012) |
KiGGS baseline study (2003–2006) |
KiGGS Wave 1 (2009–2012) |
|||||
| % (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) p-value |
% (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) p-value |
% (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) p-value |
% (95% CI) | OR (95% CI p-value |
|
| Boys | ||||||||
| Social status | ||||||||
| –low | 21.7 (17.5; 26.6) |
1.75 (1.17; 2.63)
p<0.01 |
14.8 (10.2; 20.9) |
1.31 (0.74; 2.35) p=0.355 |
15.4 (11.9; 19.6) |
2.21 (1.35; 3.64) p<0.01 |
8.5 (5.3; 13.4) |
2.65 (1.31; 5.36) p<0.01 |
| –middle | 19.8 (17.8; 22.1) |
1.37 (0.99; 1.89) p=0.058 |
11.3 (9.6; 13.3) |
1.10 (0.75; 1.62) p=0.615 |
13.5 (11.6; 15.7) |
1.61 (1.07; 2.42) p<0.05 |
5.1 (3.9; 6.6) |
1.70 (1.01; 2.85) p<0.05 |
| –high | 16.2 (13.1; 19.9) |
Ref. | 10.3 (7.9; 13.2) |
Ref. | 9.5 (7.1; 12.7) |
Ref. | 3.1 (2.0; 4.7) |
Ref. |
| Girls | ||||||||
| Social status | ||||||||
| –low | 26.1 (21.7; 31.0) |
2.86 (1.95; 4.18) p<0.001 |
13.9 (9.2; 20.5) |
1.70 (0.90; 3.22) p=0.101 |
19.3 (15.4; 23.9) |
5.06 (3.20; 7.99) p<0.001 |
7.7 (4.7; 12.3) |
7.02 (1.87; 26.41) p<0.01 |
| –middle | 20.7 (18.4; 23.3) |
1.77 (1.33; 2.35) p<0.001 |
12.3 (10.1; 15.0) |
1.64 (1.02; 2.64)
p<0.05 |
12.9 (10.9; 15.1) |
2.53 (1.71; 3.73) p<0.001 |
5.6 (4.0; 7.7) |
5.41 (1.54; 19.01) p<0.01 |
| –high | 14.1 (11.8; 16.7) |
Ref. | 7.5 (5.2; 10.5) |
Ref. | 6.1 (4.5; 8.3) |
Ref. | 1.0 (0.3; 3.4) |
Ref. |
| Total | ||||||||
| Social status | ||||||||
| –low | 23.9 (21.1; 27.0) |
2.24 (1.72; 2.92) p<0.001 |
14.4 (11.1; 18.5) |
1.48 (1.00; 2.19) p=0.052 |
17.4 (15.0; 20.1) |
3.30 (2.38; 4.58) p<0.001 |
8.1 (5.8; 11.3) |
3.71 (2.05; 6.69) p<0.001 |
| –middle | 20.3 (18.6; 22.0) |
1.55 (1.22; 1.96) p<0.001 |
11.8 (10.4; 13.4) |
1.33 (0.97; 1.82) p=0.081 |
13.2 (11.7; 14.9) |
1.96 (1.43; 2.69) p<0.001 |
5.3 (4.3; 6.5) |
2.61 (1.57; 4.32) p<0.001 |
| –high | 15.2 (13.1; 17.5) |
Ref. | 8.9 (7.1; 11.1) |
Ref. | 7.9 (6.2; 9.9) |
Ref. | 2.1 (1.4; 3.2) |
Ref. |
*Results of the KiGGS baseline study and KiGGS Wave 1 adjusted for the 2009/2010 population structure.
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference group.
Figures in bold indicate statistically significant results