Table 2.
Summary of Studies of Group B.
| Reference | Study design | Study intention | Location | Participants | Age, mean | Exclusions and deaths | Follow-up time | Time point of factors measured | Time frame observed for second fracture to Occur | Percentage/incidence of second HF | Interval between first and second hf | Factors assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dirsch et al18 | Prospective, longitudinal study | “Determine whether accelerated loss of bone mineral continues beyond the first year after injury” | University of North Carolina Hospitals, NC, USA | 85 osteoporotic HF patients, 21 for analysis | First HF: 73.1 ± 2.0 | Dropouts: 40 deaths (47% of 1-year subgroup), 12 declined (14%), 12 moved (14%), 6-year surviving subgroup analyzed here | 6.2 years (mean, range: 67-86 months) | First HF, 12-72 months | 67-86 months | n = 5/21 (24%) | ng | BMD baseline, 1 year, 6 years |
| Gordon et al19 | Retrospective data analysis | “Estimate trends in and outcomes following hospitalization for HF” | All hospital separations in South Australia | 8941 first HF admissions, July 2002 to June 2008 | NG | Excluding previous HF deaths: n = 1677 at 1 year (23.1%) | 1 year | NA (only gender) | 1 year | n = 375 (5.16%) 1 year | NG | Gender |
| Nymark et al22 | Database review | “Analyze available medical data for the occurrence of a second HF as distributed over time from the first HF until occurrence of a second HF or death” | Funen County Hip Fracture Register, Funen County, Denmark | 10 177 HF ≥ 50 years, 1994-2004, 9990 HF for analysis | Men 80.7, women 77.5 | Excluding patients with first previous HF (187) | Until Jul 2005/death, minimum 12 months | NA (only gender) | 1-11.5 years | 868/9990 (8.7%), overall incidence men: 2.37/1000 py, women 2.93/1000 py, incidence women: 116/1000 py in 3 months, 15/1000 py in 12 months, incidence men: 73/1000 py in 3 months, 8/1000 py in 12 months | Men: 12 months (CI: 7.4-17.4), women: 19 months (CI 16.7-22.5), 50% in 12 months (men) and 19 months (women) | Age + gender |
| Hagino et al20 | Historical, register based, uncontrolled, follow-up study | “Elucidate the incidence of additional fractures in patients within 1 year after first HF, investigate frequency of prescription of antiosteoporotic pharmaceuticals” | 25 hospitals in Japan (5 areas) | 2663 female HF patients ≥65yr, January 2006 to December 2007, 1076 + 887 for analysis | 83.6 | Excluded pathological, high-impact trauma, fracture before/after study period; dropouts: 61 deaths, 304 lost, including ipsilateral second HF (75.3% contralateral), 1076 (46.6%) returned questionnaire, 887 with medical record follow-up | 1 year | First HF | 12 months | n = 77 (34/1000 py) | n = 40, 51.9% 6 months, n = 48, 62.3%, 8 months | Age, height, weight, BMI, comorbidities, cognitive dysfunction, ambulatory ability, site and type of fracture, surgical procedure, pharmacotherapy during and posthospitalization |
| Lüthje et al21 | Prospective follow-up cohort study | “Identify all fractures prior or subsequent to an index HF among 221 HF patients” | 2 Finnish hospitals, Lahti and Kouvola, Southeastern Finland | 221 patients with index HF, February 2003 to January 2004/April 2004 | Index HF, women: 80.5 ± 10; men: 73 ± 12 | NG, deaths: 74% at 8 years | 8 years | NA (only gender) | Retrospective/8-year prospective/12- or 15-month inclusion | Retrospective: 14, prospective: 22 | NG | Gender |
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HF, hip fracture; NA, not available; NG, not given; py, patient-years.