Figure 5. Osmotic pressure of hemolymph and saliva secreted by pilocarpine or dopamine treated ticks.

Hemolymph was collected from three different feeding stages: unfed, partially-fed, and replete. Numbers in each bar indicate total number of utilized ticks. The data are the averages with standard error of mean (s.e.m.) for at least two biological replicates. For the collection of saliva, 2 μl of pilocarpine was injected into ticks (partially fed and replete ticks). Saliva collected from dopamine only and dopamine with ouabain were from isolated salivary glands in via the modified Ramsay’s assay. DA: dopamine (10 μmol l⁻¹), Ou: ouabain (1 μmol l⁻¹), and PC: pilocarpine (10 mg ml⁻¹).