Table 2.
Summary of studies that analyze the effects of cycle ergometer training on metabolic outcomes
| Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic outcomes | |||||
| Author, year | Mean age (years) | Protocol type | Body composition | Metabolic disorders | Endocrine function |
| Lovell et al. (2010) [27] | 75.2 ± 0.8 | CET 50–70 % of VO2max 30–45 min/session 3 sessions/week, 16 weeks |
Training group: ↓ in body mass (from 78 ± 4.1 to 76 ± 4.2 kg). ↓ in % of body fat (from 29.2 ± 1 to 27.7 ± 1 %). ↔ in fat-free mass. ↔ in Control group. |
||
| Finucane et al. (2010) [37] | 71.4 | CET 50 to 70 % Pmax 60 min/session 3 sessions/week, 12 weeks |
Training group: ↓ in weight loss (77.2 ± 16.1 to 77.0 ± 16.2 kg). ↓ in BMI (27.4 ± 4.9 to 27.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2). ↓ in waist circumference (98.6 ± 14.2 to 97.8 ± 13.8 cm). ↓ in intrahepatic lipid (3.7 ± 1.8 to 2.4 ± 1.0 %). ↔ in fat-free mass. ↔ in Control group. |
↓ in fasting glucose, oral glucose insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in both groups. | |
| Harber et al. (2009) [40] | 71.1 | CET 60 % of Pmax 20 to 40 min/session 3 sessions/week, 12 weeks |
↓ in fat mass (from 27.6 ± 4.3 to 26.4 ± 4.1 kg). ↓ in % of body fat (from 40.7 ± 3.4 39.8 ± 3.5 %). ↑ in fat-free mass (from 39.2 ± 1.4 to 39.6 ± 1.4 kg). ↔ in body weight and BMI. |
||
| Coker et al. (2006) [33] | 74 ± 1 | CET 50 or 75 % of VO2max 40 min/session 4 to 5 sessions/week, 12 weeks |
↔ in body weight and in % of body in MI and HI groups. | ↑ in ISGD (5.0 ± 0.6 to 6.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg FFM/min) in HI group. ↔ in MI group. ↑ in non-oxidative glucose disposal in HI group (4.6 ± 0.6 to 6.0 ± 0.8 mg/kg FFM/min). ↔ in MI group. |
|
| Coker et al. (2009) [34] | 71 ± 1 | CET 50 or 75 % of VO2max 40 min/session 4 to 5 sessions/week, 12 weeks |
↔ in body weight, BMI, and % of fat in MI and HI groups. | ↔ in plasma adiponectin in MI and HI groups. | |
| Lovell et al. (2012) [29] | 75.2 ± 3.0 | CET 50 to 70 % VO2max 30 to 45 min/session 3 sessions/week, 16 weeks |
Training group: ↑ in the testosterone (16.9 ± 1.5 to 19.3 ± 1.8 nmol/L). ↑ in FT concentration (58.3 ± 4.9 to 67.2 ± 5.7 pmol/L). ↔ in GH, IGF-1 and SHBG concentration. ↔ in control group. |
||
| Sial et al. (1998) [46] | 74 ± 2 | CET 70 to 85 % HRmax 30 to 45 min/session 3 to 5 sessions/week, 16 weeks |
↑ in fat free mass (from 49.4 ± 4.1 to 50.4 ± 4.6 kg). | ↑ in the average rate of fat oxidation (from 1.6 ± 17 to 2.21 ± 28 µmol/min). ↓ in the average rate of carbohydrate oxidation (from 3.9 ± 483 to 3.2 ± 461 µmol/min). ↓ in the glucose Ra (from 1.1 ± 69 to 1.0 ± 95 µmol/min). ↔ in Ra and FFA rate of disappearance during exercise. |
|
| Zmuda et al. (1996) [50] | 70 ± 4 | CET 50 to 80 % HRR 60 min/session 1 session/day, 1 day |
↑ in the serum testosterone, SHBG and total serum protein (39 %, 19 %, and 13 %, respectively; p < 0.01). ↑ in the FT (from 0.1 ± 0.04 to 0.2 ± 0.04). ↔ in the LH concentrations. |
||
| Perini et al. (2002) [41] | 73.9 ± 3.5 | CET 40 to 100 % of Pmax 60 min/session 3 sessions/week, 8 weeks |
↔ in body weight and fat mass. | ||
CET cycle ergometer training, VO 2max maximum volume of oxygen, P max maximal workload, HRR heart rate reserve, BMI body mass index, MI moderate intensity, HI high intensity, ISGD insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, FT free testosterone, GH growth hormone, IGF-1 insulin like growth factor-1, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, LH luteinizing hormone, R a glycerol rate of appearance, FFA free fatty acid, ↑ significant improvement within group, ↓ significant decrease within group, ↔ no change within group