Table 2.
Multinomial regression results for the choice of three types of provider: OB/GYNs (the reference category), FP/GPs and midwives/nurses
| Prob (Y) = FP/GPs | Prob (Y) = midwives/nurses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Maternal risk profile | ||||
| Maternal age at selected birth | 0.81* | 0.66, 0.98 | 1.40 | 1.00, 1.96 |
| Health problems before pregnancy | 0.71** | 0.58, 0.87 | 1.06 | 0.77, 1.47 |
| Technical pregnancy | 0.55** | 0.40, 0.77 | 0.49* | 0.24, 0.98 |
| Body mass index before pregnancy (ref. category: normal weight) | ||||
| Underweight | 1.34 | 1.00, I.8C | 0.90 | 0.49, 1.64 |
| Overweight/Obese | 1.06 | 0.92, 1.23 | 1.05 | 0.79, 1.38 |
| Planned caesarean | 0.61** | 0.49, 0.75 | 0.37** | 0.22, 0.64 |
| Any premature birth before | 1.06 | 0.84, 1.33 | 1.00 | 0.63, 1.58 |
| Any previous miscarriage, tubal/ectopic pregnancy or stillbirth | 0.85* | 0.73, 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.69, 1.19 |
| Parity (ref. category: first birth) | ||||
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.86, 1.16 | 0.83 | 0.64, 1.08 |
| 3 | 1.14 | 0.90, 1.45 | 0.73 | 0.45, 1.19 |
| 4 | 1.25 | 0.82,1.91 | 0.72 | 0.28, 1.91 |
| ≥5 | 1.09 | 0.56,2.13 | 2.10 | 0.82, 5.37 |
| Prenatal care history | ||||
| Early prenatal care | 1.78** | 1.43, 2.23 | 1.20 | 0.78, 1.85 |
| Five or more visits (ref. category: <5 visits) | 0.30* | 0.13, 0.69 | 1.97 | 0.27, 14.23 |
| Socio-economic and demographic factors | ||||
| Province of residence (ref. category: Ontario) | ||||
| Atlantic | 1.81** | 1.50, 2.16 | 0.18** | 0.10, 0.30 |
| Quebec | 1.09 | 0.89, 1.34 | 0.31** | 0.21, 0.47 |
| Manitoba | 1.63** | 1.24, 2.12 | 1.36 | 0.90, 2.06 |
| Alberta | 2 39** | 1.93, 2.95 | 0.36** | 0.20, 0.66 |
| British Columbia | 4.20** | 3.33, 5.30 | 2.00** | 1.41, 2.84 |
| Area of residence (ref. category: urban) | ||||
| Rural | 2,00** | 1,67, 2,39 | 1,32 | 0,93,1,88 |
| Semi-urbar | 2 12** | 1,80, 2,49 | 1,42* | 1,04,1,94 |
| Household income (ref. category: >$80,000) | ||||
| <$20,000 | 1,16 | 0,83, 1,61 | 1,66 | 0,91, 3,03 |
| $20,000-<$40,000 | 1,02 | 0,82, 1,27 | 1 79** | 1,22, 2,63 |
| $40,000-<$60,000 | 0,96 | 0,79, 1,16 | 1,23 | 0,85, 1,77 |
| $60,000-<$80,000 | 0,80* | 0,66, 0,97 | 1,01 | 0,70, 1,44 |
| Education (ref. category: post-secondary diploma) | ||||
| Less than high school | 1,12 | 0,84, 1,51 | 0,66 | 0,36, 1,20 |
| High-school graduate | 1,35* | 1,09, 1,67 | 0,73 | 0,46, 1,16 |
| University graduate | 1,15 | 0,98, 1,35 | 1 99** | 1,48, 2,66 |
| Marital status (ref. category: married) | ||||
| Common-law partner | 0,93 | 0,77, 1,11 | 1,25 | 0,87,1,79 |
| Divorced | 0,72 | 0,38, 1,34 | 1,16 | 0,35, 3,89 |
| Single | 0,98 | 0,71, 1,35 | 0,94 | 0,50,1,76 |
| Nativity (ref. category: Canadian) | ||||
| Aboriginal | 1,06 | 0,75, 1,51 | 1,85* | 1,05, 3,28 |
| Immigrant | 0,57** | 0,46, 0,70 | 0,52** | 0,36, 0,75 |
| Employment status | 0,95 | 0,80, 1,11 | 0,68* | 0,51, 0,91 |
*
Significant at p < 0.05
**
Significant at p < 0.01
OB/GYNs = obstetricians/gynaecologists; FP/GPs = family physicians/general practitioners