Table 3.
Analysis of risk factors associated with seropositivity to any high-risk HPV type in mid-adult women (N=379).
| Variables | N* | hrHPV Antibody | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB+ (%) | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–34 | 138 | 98 (71.1) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| 35–39 | 91 | 65 (71.4) | 1.01 | 0.85 – 1.19 | 0.97 | 0.82 – 1.15 |
| 40–44 | 73 | 50 (68.5) | 0.96 | 0.80 – 1.16 | 0.91 | 0.75 – 1.10 |
| 45–50 | 77 | 45 (58.4) | 0.82 | 0.66 – 1.02 | 0.85 | 0.69 – 1.06 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 299 | 201 (67.2) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Asian | 42 | 26 (61.9) | 0.92 | 0.72 – 1.18 | 1.07 | 0.83 – 1.38 |
| Other† | 38 | 31 (81.6) | 1.21 | 1.02 – 1.44 | 1.18 | 0.99 – 1.41 |
| Age at Sexual debut (years) | ||||||
| ≤15 | 65 | 48 (73.8) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| 16–19 | 178 | 121 (68.0) | 0.92 | 0.77 – 1.10 | ||
| ≥20 | 120 | 79 (65.8) | 0.89 | 0.73 – 1.08 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single or separated | 147 | 112 (76.2) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Married or living with a partner | 231 | 145 (62.8) | 0.82 | 0.72 – 0.94 | 0.86 | 0.75 – 0.98 |
| Number of pregnancies | ||||||
| 0 | 149 | 107 (71.8) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| 1–3 | 184 | 123 (66.9) | 0.93 | 0.81 – 1.07 | ||
| ≥4 | 46 | 28 (60.9) | 0.85 | 0.66 – 1.09 | ||
| History of abnormal Pap test | 158 | 120 (76.0) | 1.22 | 1.06 – 1.39 | 1.10 | 0.96 – 1.27 |
| History of genital warts | 42 | 30 (71.4) | 1.06 | 0.86 – 1.30 | ||
| History of non-HPV-related STD‡ | 76 | 59 (77.6) | 1.17 | 1.02 – 1.36 | 1.03 | 0.88 – 1.21 |
| Hormonal contraceptive use | ||||||
| Never | 40 | 16 (40.0) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Former | 212 | 155 (73.1) | 1.83 | 1.24 – 2.70 | 1.64 | 1.10 – 2.45 |
| Current | 127 | 87 (68.5) | 1.71 | 1.15 – 2.55 | 1.53 | 1.01 – 2.29 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 278 | 188 (67.6) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| Former | 81 | 56 (69.1) | 1.02 | 0.87 – 1.21 | ||
| Current | 19 | 14 (73.7) | 1.09 | 0.82 – 1.44 | ||
| Lifetime number of male sex partners§ | ||||||
| 0–4 | 130 | 72 (55.4) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| 5–11 | 119 | 79 (66.4) | 1.20 | 0.98 – 1.46 | 1.08 | 0.88 – 1.33 |
| 12+ | 126 | 104 (82.5) | 1.49 | 1.25 – 1.77 | 1.29 | 1.06 – 1.56 |
| Male sex partners in past 6 months | ||||||
| No partners | 82 | 52 (63.4) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| Non-new partners only | 206 | 137 (66.5) | 1.05 | 0.87 – 1.27 | ||
| ≥1 new partner | 84 | 62 (73.8) | 1.16 | 0.95 – 1.43 | ||
*
Numbers might not add up to the total number of subjects due to missing data.
†
Other race included: African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, women reporting more than one race, and women reporting “other” as race.
‡
Non-HPV-related STD included: chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, HIV, and syphilis.
§
This category represents approximate tertiles.