Table 5.
Analysis of risk factors associated with DNA positivity to any high-risk HPV type in mid-adult women (N=379).
| Variables | N* | hrHPV DNA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA+ (%) | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–34 | 138 | 29 (21.0) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| 35–39 | 91 | 13 (14.3) | 0.68 | 0.37 – 1.24 | 0.76 | 0.39 – 1.50 |
| 40–44 | 73 | 9 (12.3) | 0.59 | 0.29 – 1.17 | 0.62 | 0.33 – 1.17 |
| 45–50 | 77 | 6 (7.8) | 0.37 | 0.16– 0.85 | 0.51 | 0.21 – 1.25 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 299 | 48 (16.1) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Asian | 42 | 2 (4.8) | 0.30 | 0.07 – 1.18 | 0.49 | 0.12 – 2.08 |
| Other† | 38 | 7 (18.4) | 1.15 | 0.56 – 2.35 | 1.25 | 0.60 – 2.59 |
| Age at Sexual debut (years) | ||||||
| ≤15 | 65 | 13 (20.0) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| 16–19 | 178 | 27 (15.2) | 0.76 | 0.42 – 1.38 | ||
| ≥20 | 120 | 17 (14.2) | 0.71 | 0.37 – 1.37 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single or separated | 147 | 36 (24.5) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Married or living with a partner | 231 | 21 (9.1) | 0.37 | 0.23 – 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.30 – 0.82 |
| Number of pregnancies | ||||||
| 0 | 149 | 33 (22.2) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| 1–3 | 184 | 19 (10.3) | 0.47 | 0.28 – 0.79 | 0.56 | 0.32 – 0.98 |
| ≥4 | 46 | 5 (10.9) | 0.49 | 0.20 – 1.19 | 0.58 | 0.23 – 1.45 |
| History of abnormal Pap test | 158 | 36 (22.8) | 2.40 | 1.46 – 3.95 | 1.61 | 0.88 – 2.92 |
| History of genital warts | 42 | 5 (11.9) | 0.77 | 0.33 – 1.82 | ||
| History of non-HPV-related STD‡ | 76 | 7 (9.2) | 0.57 | 0.27 – 1.20 | ||
| Hormonal contraceptive use | ||||||
| Never | 40 | 4 (10.0) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| Former | 212 | 25 (11.8) | 1.18 | 0.43 – 3.21 | ||
| Current | 127 | 28 (22.1) | 2.20 | 0.82 – 5.91 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 278 | 33 (11.9) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Former | 81 | 17 (21.0) | 1.77 | 1.04 – 3.01 | 1.57 | 0.95 – 2.60 |
| Current | 19 | 7 (36.8) | 3.10 | 1.59 – 6.07 | 2.51 | 1.40 – 4.49 |
| Lifetime number of male sex partners§ | ||||||
| 0–4 | 130 | 9 (6.9) | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| 5–11 | 119 | 17 (14.3) | 2.06 | 0.96 – 4.46 | 1.71 | 0.79 – 3.70 |
| 12+ | 126 | 31 (24.6) | 3.55 | 1.76 – 7.17 | 2.23 | 0.99 – 5.06 |
| Male sex partners in past 6 months | ||||||
| No partners | 82 | 9 (11.0) | 1.00 | ref | ||
| Non-new partners only | 206 | 34 (16.5) | 1.50 | 0.75 – 3.00 | ||
| ≥1 new partner | 84 | 14 (16.7) | 1.52 | 0.70 – 3.32 | ||
*
Numbers might not add up to the total number of subjects due to missing data.
†
Other race included: African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, women reporting more than one race, and women reporting “other” as race.
‡
Non-HPV-related STD included: chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, HIV, and syphilis.
§
This category represents approximate tertiles.