Table 3. Identification of relevant biological pathways affected by prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal in the chicken.
| Molecular and cellular functions | Molecules | P-value | Number of molecules |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acid metabolism | SLC3A1, SLC7A10, ASNS, DIO2, GFPT2, IDO2, SLC6A6 | 2.91E-05–4.78E-02 | 7 |
| Molecular transport | SLC3A1, SLC7A10, TNFSF10, MTTP, LRAT, SLC6A6, DCT, IP6K2, RACGAP1, SLC20A2, SLC39A14, ABCC9, GRIN2C, SIK1, DIO2, CD200, NR0B1, ULK1, FOXP2, HPS5 | 2.91E-05–4.78E-02 | 20 |
| Small molecule biochemistry | SLC3A1, SLC7A10, ASNS, DIO2, GFPT2, IDO2, SLC6A6, TP53I3, ABP1, LRAT, MTTP, PDE11A, TNFSF10, DCT, FOXP2, HPS5 | 2.91E-05–4.78E-02 | 16 |
| Cell death and survival | DCT, PRF1, TNFSF10, PITX2, CD200, LAMA2, BMF, SIK1, LECT2, SLC6A6, PROK2, IP6K2, FRZB | 4.11E-04–4.78E-02 | 13 |
| Cell-to-cell signaling and interaction | DCT, PRF1, TNFSF10, FRZB, BAIAP2, LAMA2, CD200, PITX2, HPS5,TECTA, FOXP2, IL12RB1 | 3.48E-03–4.78E-02 | 12 |
| Carbohydrate metabolism | TNFSF10, GFPT2 | 5.42E-03–4.26E-02 | 2 |
| Protein synthesis | MTTP, CD200, GRIN2C, NR0B1, ULK1, IL12RB1, PRF1 | 5.42E-03–2.28E-02 | 7 |
| Physiological system development and function | |||
| Nervous system development and function | CD200, LAMA2, FOXP2, BAIAP2, PDE11A, ARHGEF28, SLITRK4, ULK1, FRZB, PRF1, TECTA, | 4.30E-04–4.78E-02 | 11 |
| Organ morphology | LRAT, NR0B1, ADAMTS1, ERRFI1, GATA5, LAMA2, FRZB, PITX2, SLC39A14, SLC6A6, TECTA, FOXP2, WNT11, DCT, HPS5, ABCC9, PLCL1, CD200, PDE11A, DIO2 | 4.30E-04–4.86E-02 | 20 |
| Reproductive system development and function | LRAT, NR0B1, ADAMTS1, ERRFI1, GATA5, LAMA2, BMF, WNT11, PROK2, PRF1, TNFSF10, PITX2 | 4.30E-04–3.74E-02 | 12 |
| Tissue development | CD200, LAMA2, ADAMTS1, WNT11, NR0B1, FOXP2, BMF, DIO2, FRZB, PITX2, ERRFI1, SLC39A14, PROK2, HPS5, ARHGEF28, BAIAP2, SLITRK4, ULK1, LRAT, TNFSF10, ADAMTS5 | 4.30E-04–4.78E-02 | 21 |
| Embryonic development | WNT11, LAMA2, NR0B1, FOXP2, PITX2, ADAMTS1, FRZB, SLC39A14, BMF, DIO2, CKS1B, PROK2, ERRFI1, HPS5, LRAT | 5.42E-03–4.78E-02 | 15 |
| Organ development | WNT11, NR0B1, FOXP2, DIO2, ADAMTS1, PITX2, FRZB, SLC39A14, BMF, PROK2, ERRFI1, HPS5, LECT2, MTTP, PDE11A, PRF1, TNFSF10, LAMA2, LRAT | 5.42E-03–4.78E-02 | 19 |
| Organismal development | ADAMTS1, BMF, NR0B1, PITX, DIO2, FRZB, ERRFI1, FOXP2, SLC39A14, GATA5, HPS5, LAMA2, LRAT, WNT11, PROK2, TNFSF10 | 5.42E-03–4.78E-02 | 16 |
Differential expressed genes were grouped through the use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). IPA-analysis (www.ingenuity.com) was used to identify key biological pathways comprising the differentially identified proteins after prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal in chicken. The significance of the canonical pathways was tested by Fisher’s exact test. The following genes are included in the biological pathways. Abbreviations: ABCC9 (ABC transporter C family member 9); ABP1 (Actin binding protein 1); ADAMTS1 and 5 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 and 5); ARHGEF28 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28); ASNS (Asparagine synthetase); BAIAP2 (Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2); BMF (Bcl-2-modifying factor); CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein); CKS1B (CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B): DCT (L-dopachrome tautomerase precursor); DIO2 (Iodothyronine deiodinase); ERRFI1 (ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1); FOXP2 (Forkhead box protein P2); FRZB (secreted frizzled-related protein 3 precursor); GATA5 (transcription factor GATA-5); GFPT2 (glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2); GRIN2C (glutamate receptor); HPS5 (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5); IDO2 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2); IL12RB1 (interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1); IP6K2 (inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2); LAMA2 (laminin, alpha 2); LECT2 (myeloid protein 1 precursor); LRAT (Lecithin retinol acyltransferase); MTTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit precursor); NR0B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1); PDE11A (phosphodiesterase 11A); PITX2 (pituitary homeobox 2); PLCL1 (phospholipase C-like 1); PRF1 (Perforin-1); PROK2 (prokineticin 2); RACGAP1 (Rac GTPase activating protein 1); SIK1 (serine/threonine-protein kinase); SLC20A2 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2); SLC39A14 (solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14); SLC3A1 (Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein); SLC6A6 (sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter); SLC7A10 (Asc-type amino acid transporter 1); SLITRK4 (SLIT and NTRK-like protein 4); TECTA (tectorin alpha); TNFSF10 (tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10); TP53I3 (tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3); ULK1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase); WNT11 (Protein Wnt-11).