Figure 4.

Fos co-labeling with ACh neurons in the BF. (a) Boxes delineate the BF regions that were scored; 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the VDB, HDB, and MCPO, respectively. The HDB was counted at multiple rostral-caudal levels. (b–d): Fos-positive nuclei are small black dots and ACh-expressing neurons have brown cytoplasmic reaction products. Blue arrows indicate examples of co-labeled neurons. Scale bar represents 50 μM. Representative image of HA and Fos expression in sleep-deprived rat treated with (b) VEH, (c) ALM, or (d) ZOL. (e) Combined analysis of all ACh neurons examined for co-labeling throughout the ACh field, (f) in the VDB, (g) HDB, and (h) MCPO. Numbers in bars indicate N per group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001 compared with the indicated treatment group.