Table 2.
Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) of cancer risk by quartiles of biomarkers and z-score
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukocyte Count | |||||
| No of Cases/Total | 157/672 | 146/638 | 170/630 | 180/630 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 (ref) | 1.02 (0.82-1.28) | 1.29 (1.03-1.60) | 1.64 (1.32-2.03) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.01 (0.80-1.26) | 1.24 (0.99-1.54) | 1.56 (1.25-1.94) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable2 | 1.0 (ref) | 0.97 (0.77-1.22) | 1.15 (0.92-1.43) | 1.31 (1.04-1.66) | 0.19 |
| C-reactive protein | |||||
| No of Cases/Total | 151/639 | 168/643 | 163/645 | 171/643 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 (ref) | 1.13 (0.90-1.40) | 1.22 (0.97-1.52) | 1.49 (1.20-1.86) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.09 (0.88-1.37) | 1.17 (0.93-1.46) | 1.37 (1.09-1.72) | 0.05 |
| Multivariable2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.08 (0.87-1.35) | 1.11 (0.88-1.39) | 1.23 (0.97-1.55) | 0.18 |
| Z-score3 | |||||
| No of Cases/Total | 139/642 | 163/643 | 168/643 | 183/642 | |
| Multivariable2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.18 (0.94-1.49) | 1.26 (1.00-1.59) | 1.47 (1.16-1.88) | <0.01 |
1Multivariable model adjusted for age, examination year, alcohol intake, cardiorespiratory fitness and energy intake
2Multivariable model adjusted for age, examination year, alcohol intake, cardiorespiratory fitness, energy intake and smoking
3Z-score was computed for each participant based on the subject’s biomarker levels (x), study mean (μ) and study standard deviation (σ)
We computed the individual z-scores thus; z-score = (x - μ)/σ. The combined z-score is the sum of the subject’s individual CRP and leukocyte z-scores