Table 3.
List of the wild plant species used for food purposes in the study area
| Family, scientific name, voucher specimen code | Vernacular name (in Sicilian dialect) | Part(s) of plant used | Food uses in the study area | Presence of the species in the study area | Use reports | Current use in the study area | Cultural importance index | Level of perceived usefulness of species | Species recorded for food purpose also in other Italian regions | Species recorded for food purposes also in other Mediterranean countries | Species previously cited for food purposes in Sicily | Medicinal uses in the study area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaryllidaceae | ||||||||||||
| Allium ampeloprasum L. (CORISSIA - S/0392) | porracciu | Bulb | Flavouring, raw in salad | M | 20 | P | 0.13 | H | X | Y | Z | |
| Allium subhirsutum L. (CORISSIA - S/0017) | agghiu sarvaggiu | Aerial part, bulb | Flavouring, raw in salad | N | 14 | P | 0.06 | H | X | |||
| Apiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. (CORISSIA - S/0089) | coscia di cunigghiu | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 1 | 0.005 | L | X | ||||
| Ammi majus L. (CORISSIA - S/0204) | ennera | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | N | 1 | 0.004 | H | X | Y | |||
| Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. (CORISSIA - S/0090) | scavuni, sedanu | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | M | 24 | P | 0.16 | H | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (M) |
| Foeniculum vulgare Miller (CORISSIA - S/0038) | finucchieddu, finucchieddu rizzu | Aerial part, seed | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad, sauce for pasta | E, M, N, S | 248 | P | 0.31 | H | X | Y | Z | Digestive, gastrointestinal disorders (E, M, N, S) |
| Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (CORISSIA - S/0293) | finocchiu acquaticu | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | M | 5 | 0.03 | H | X | ||||
| Aristolochiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Aristolochia sempervirens L. (CORISSIA - S/0230) | cannatedda | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 50 | 0.25 | H | Y | ||||
| Asparagaceae | ||||||||||||
| Asparagus albus L. (CORISSIA - S/0228) | sparacio bianco, sparaciu biancu spinosu | Turion | Boiled vegetables, omelettes, sauce for pasta | E, M, S | 54 | P | 0.09 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (E, M, S) |
| Asparagus aphillus L. (CORISSIA - S/0043) | aparaggiu servaggiu, sparaci di bruscu | Aerial part, turion | Boiled vegetables | E, N | 8 | 0.02 | H | X | Y | |||
| Asparagus acutifolius L. (CORISSIA - S/0202) | sparaciu nivuru, sparaciu servaggiu | Turion | Boiled vegetables, omelettes, sauce for pasta | E, M, N, S | 167 | P | 0.21 | H | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (E, M, N, S) |
| Asparagus horridus L. (CORISSIA -S/0249) | sparacogni | Turion | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | N | 32 | P | 0.14 | H | X | |||
| Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. (CORISSIA - S/0368) | cipuddazzu, giacintu sarvaggiu | Aerial part, bulb | Boiled bulbs, fried bulbs with eggs, onion balls | N | 8 | 0.03 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. (CORISSIA - S/0385) | capudazza | Bulb | Flavouring, seasoning | E | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. (CORISSIA - S/0393) | sparaci i curma | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | N | 3 | 0.01 | L | |||||
| Ruscus aculeatus L. (CORISSIA - S/0363) | asparagi, spinapulici, pungitopo, sparaciu di tronu | Turion | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | E, M, N, S | 97 | P | 0.12 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (E, S) |
| Asteraceae | ||||||||||||
| Artemisia alba Turra (CORISSIA - S/0215) | canforedda | Leaf, flower | Flavouring | E | 1 | 0.005 | L | X | Mineralizing (E) | |||
| Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. (CORISSIA - S/0184) | calennula | Flower | Boiled vegetables | N | 1 | 0.004 | L | X | Y | |||
| Carduus argyroa Biv. (CORISSIA - S/0189) | napodi d'acqua, napordio | Flower | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | S | 9 | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Carduus corymbosus Ten. (CORISSIA - S/0394) | carvi | Flower, seed | Omelettes | E | 1 | 0.005 | H | X | ||||
| Carlina corymbosa L. (CORISSIA - S/0395) | mazzacani | Flower | Boiled vegetables | E | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Carlina gummifera L. (Less.) (CORISSIA - S/0316) | masticogna | Inflorescence, root | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | M, N, S | 22 | 0.04 | H, L | X | ||||
| Carlina sicula Ten. (CORISSIA -S/0284) | pani cauru | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | M, N | 17 | 0.04 | H, L | Z | ||||
| Carthamus pinnatus Desf. (CORISSIA - S/0396) | cardunceddu | Aerial part | Boiled and fried vegetables, raw in salad | M | 3 | 0.02 | L | X | ||||
| Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler (CORISSIA - S/0078) | aprocchio, apuarchiu, procchia | Leaf, whole plant | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | E, M, N, S | 85 | P | 0.11 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (M), stomach pains (N) |
| Chondrilla juncea L. (CORISSIA - S/0389) | cutulidda | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 5 | 0.02 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Cichorium intybus L. (CORISSIA - S/0026) | ciconia, cicoria, cicuaria | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs, sauce for pasta | E, M, N, S | 295 | P | 0.37 | H | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (E, M, N, S), laxative (M, N) |
| Crepis vesicaria L. (CORISSIA - S/0036) | cicuriuni | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | S | 7 | 0.03 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Helianthus tuberosus L. (CORISSIA - S/0240) | cazzatummula | Tuber | Cooked with sweet potatoes | N | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | |||
| Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (CORISSIA - S/0397) | aspragini vulgari | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, omelettes, sauce for pasta | M | 7 | 0.05 | L | |||||
| Hyoseris radiata L. (CORISSIA - S/0070) | cicoria sarvaggia | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | S | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Z | Diuretic (S) | ||
| Hypochoeris radicata L. (CORISSIA - S/0283) | coscivecchi, costi i vecchia, costolina | Inflorescence, leaf | Boiled vegetables | E, M, N | 103 | P | 0.18 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Kidney stones, renal colics (E) |
| Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl (CORISSIA - S/0290) | cacciacunigghiu, pedi di nigghiu | Aerial part, leaf | Raw in salad | E, N | 8 | 0.02 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. (CORISSIA - S/0007) | piscialasinu, spina ianca | Inflorescence | Boiled and gratin vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs, omelettes | N, S | 8 | 0.01 | L | X | Z | |||
| Onopordum illyricum L. (CORISSIA -S/0197) | minapurdi,munaceddi, napordi, onopordo | Aerial part, leaf, stem | Boiled vegetables, dipped in flour and eggs | M, N, S | 95 | 0.16 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth (CORISSIA - S/0192) | caccialebra, grattalingua comune | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E, M | 50 | P | 0.14 | H | X | Y | Z | Headache (E) |
| Scolymus grandiflorus Desf. (CORISSIA - S/0160) | cardagna maggiore | Aerial part, stem | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | E, M | 51 | 0.14 | H | X | Z | |||
| Scolymus hispanicus L. (CORISSIA - S/0398) | scoddi | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | N | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Scolymus maculatus L. (CORISSIA - S/0399) | cacalasagni | Stem | Raw in salad, omelettes,sauce for pasta | S | 16 | 0.07 | H, L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Scorzonera hispanica L. (CORISSIA - S/0049) | scussunara | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 12 | 0.06 | H | Y | ||||
| Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (CORISSIA - S/0212) | buanazzi, cardu | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | M, N | 17 | 0.04 | L | X | Y | Z | Liver disorders, stomach pains (N) | |
| Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (CORISSIA - S/0077) | cardedda spinosa, cardedda sarvaggia, crispinu spinosu | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables, sauce for pasta | E, M, S | 58 | 0.10 | H | X | Y | Z | Digestive (S) | |
| Sonchus bulbosus (L.) Kilian & Greuter (CORISSIA - S/0400) | latte d'aceddu | Leaf | Mixed vegetables | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. (CORISSIA - S/0364) | cardera duci, cardedda, crespino comune | Aerial part, whole plant | Boiled vegetables, flavouring, omelettes, sauce for pasta | E, M, N, S | 154 | P | 0.19 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Digestive, refreshing (M, N, S) |
| Sonchus tenerrimus L. (CORISSIA - S/0010) | crespino | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, sauce for pasta | M | 9 | 0.06 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund (CORISSIA - S/0032) | denti di liuni | Inflorescence | Boiled vegetables, sautéed vegetables wit batter | N | 13 | 0.05 | H, L | X | Y | |||
| Taraxacum minimum (Briganti ex Guss.) N. Terracc. (CORISSIA - S/0069) | cicoria sarvaggia, pedi d'aceddu | Inflorescence | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | N | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Tragopogon porrifolius L. (CORISSIA -S/0052) | nzitarola, perciacannedda | Inflorescence, leaf, root | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | N | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Urospermum picroides (L.) F. W. Schmidt (CORISSIA - S/0087) | coccialebbra, coccidilepre | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | S | 2 | 0.008 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Boraginaceae | ||||||||||||
| Borago officinalis L. (CORISSIA - S/0268) | burrania, borragine, vurrania | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, sauce for pasta, sautéed vegetables with batter | E, M, N, S | 185 | 0.23 | H | X | Y | Z | Diuretic, laxative (E, M, N, S), digestive (N) | |
| Echium vulgare L. (CORISSIA - S/0106) | viperina | Aerial part, inflorescence | Boiled vegetables | N | 1 | 0 | L | X | Y | |||
| Heliotropium europaeum L. (CORISSIA - S/0313) | erba i nasu | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | |||||
| Brassicaceae | ||||||||||||
| Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. (CORISSIA - S/0051) | razzi | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 29 | 0.15 | H | X | ||||
| Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (CORISSIA - S/0220) | mazzarelli | Young shoots | Boiled vegetables | E | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Brassica fruticulosa Cirillo (CORISSIA - S/0093) | caliceddi, caluceddi, calicelli | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables, sautéed vegetables with batter | E | 98 | P | 0.50 | H | X | Y | Z | |
| Brassica rupestris Raf. (CORISSIA - S/0101) | caliceddi i muru, cavulazzu | Leaf | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | E, N | 8 | 0.02 | H, L | X | ||||
| Bunias erucago L. (CORISSIA - S/0381) | cicoria selvaggia | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 62 | 0.32 | H | X | Z | Digestive, diuretic (E) | ||
| Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) Dc. (CORISSIA - S/0286) | arsaneddi d'aglia, caluzzi di vigna, lassaneddi d'aglia, lassanu d'aglia, pissineddi, sinacciola | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs and lemons | S | 37 | 0.16 | H | X | Y | |||
| Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. (CORISSIA - S/0345) | cavuliceddi | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | S | 3 | 0.01 | L | Y | Z | |||
| Isatis tinctoria L. (CORISSIA - S/0372) | cavolu carrammu | Flower | Boiled vegetables | E | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (CORISSIA - S/0140) | crescione, crisciuni, | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables, raw in salad | E, M, N, S | 45 | P | 0.05 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Diuretic (E, S, N), renal pains (N) |
| Raphanus raphanistrum L. (CORISSIA - S/0258) | mazzaredda, ravaneddu, razzi | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | M, N, S | 33 | 0.05 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Sinapis alba L. (CORISSIA - S/0168) | azzareddi, mazzarello bianco | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E, S | 20 | P | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Z | |
| Sinapis arvensis L. (CORISSIA - S/0057) | cavulazzu, pisciacunigghiu | Aerial part, seed | Boiled vegetables, sautéed vegetables with batter | E, M, N, S | 64 | P | 0.08 | H | X | Y | Z | Bronchitis, cough (N) |
| Sinapis pubescens L. (CORISSIA - S/0042) | sinapi | Aerial part | Sautéed vegetables with batter | M | 5 | 0.03 | H | X | ||||
| Sisymbrium irio L. (CORISSIA - S/0375) | pisciacani, assini | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | N | 13 | 0.05 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Cactaceae | ||||||||||||
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (CORISSIA -S/0046) | ficu d'innia, ficudinia | Fruit | Fresh fruit, marmalade | E, M, N, S | 157 | P | 0.19 | H | X | Y | Z | Digestive (E, M, N, S), diuretic (E, M, N, S) |
| Capparaceae | ||||||||||||
| Capparis spinosa L. (CORISSIA - S/0037) | chiapparu, chiapperi, chiapparedda | Flower bud | Raw in salad, sauce for pasta, fish and meet | E, M, N, S | 33 | P | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Z | |
| Caprifoliaceae | ||||||||||||
| Fedia cornucopiae (L.) Gaertn. (CORISSIA - S/0014) | spezzacannati | Aerial part, young shoot | Raw in salad | M, N | 10 | 0.03 | L | X | Z | |||
| Scabiosa columbaria L. (CORISSIA - S/0044) | erva di cavaleri | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Caryophillaceae | ||||||||||||
| Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (CORISSIA - S/0080) | aricchi i lepri, erva privicatura | Leaf, young shoot | Omelettes, raw in salad | E, N | 27 | 0.06 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Convolvulaceae | ||||||||||||
| Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (CORISSIA - S/0401) | campaneddu | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 10 | 0.05 | H | X | ||||
| Dioscoreaceae | ||||||||||||
| Dioscorea communis L. Caddick & Wilkin (CORISSIA - S/0003) | sparaci i curriola, sparaci ri serpa, viddicedda, vitarra | Aerial part, young shoot | Fried as vegetables with eggs | M, N, S | 52 | 0.08 | H | X | Digestive (N, S), laxative (M, N), | |||
| Equisetaceae | ||||||||||||
| Equisetum arvense L. (CORISSIA - S/0349) | cuda i cavaddu | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables | E, N | 6 | 0.01 | H | X | Y | Diuretic (N) | ||
| Geraniaceae | ||||||||||||
| Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Hér. (CORISSIA - S/0185) | panizzi da bedda matri | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | N | 1 | 0.004 | L | X | Y | |||
| Iridaceae | ||||||||||||
| Crocus biflorus Mill. (CORISSIA - S/0341) | ciuri pi fari u zafferanu | Flower | Flavouring | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | |||
| Gladiolus italicus Mill. (CORISSIA - S/0321) | cutiddi | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | X | ||||
| Lamiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze (CORISSIA - S/0149) | niputedda, nitedda, nepotella | Leaf | Flavouring | E, M, N, S | 127 | P | 0.16 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Heamorroids (E) |
| Marrubium vulgare L. (CORISSIA - S/0307) | marrobbiu | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | S | 1 | 0 | L | X | Y | Bronchitis, cough (S) | ||
| Mentha pulegium L. (CORISSIA - S/0229) | iuri di menta | Leaf | Flavouring, liqueurs, seasoning | E, N | 17 | P | 0.02 | H | X | Y | Z | Digestive (N) |
| Mentha spicata L. (CORISSIA - 0198) | menta | Leaf | Flavouring, liqueurs, seasoning | E | 4 | P | 0.02 | L | X | Y | Z | |
| Nepeta cataria L. (CORISSIA - S/0041) | citulella | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 4 | 0.02 | H | X | Sedative (E) | |||
| Origanum vulgare L. (CORISSIA - S/0398) | arianu, rianu | Flower, leaf | Flavouring, seasoning | E, N, S | 110 | P | 0.17 | H | X | Y | Z | Digestive (N) |
| Phlomis fruticosa L. (CORISSIA - S/0287) | sarvia sarvaggia | Leaf | Flavouring | S | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. (CORISSIA - S/0357) | rosmarinu | Aerial part, leaf | Flavouring, seasoning | E, N, S | 109 | P | 0.16 | H | X | Y | Z | Asthma (N, S), digestive, stomach pains (N) |
| Teucrium fruticans L. (CORISSIA - S/0231) | caccazzina, ricuttedda | Aerial part | Sautéed vegetables with eggs and batter | E, N | 16 | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Z | Heamorroids (E) | |
| Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (CORISSIA - S/0391) | sataredda | Flower, leaf | Flavouring, seasoning | E, M, N, S | 38 | P | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Z | Sedative (S), throat and mouth inflammations (N) |
| Lauraceae | ||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis L. (CORISSIA - S/0218) | dauru, davuru | Leaf | Flavouring | E, M, N, S | 75 | P | 0.09 | H | X | Y | Z | Airways inflammation, cold, cough (M, N), digestive (E, M, N, S) |
| Leguminosae | ||||||||||||
| Anagyris foetida L. (CORISSIA - S/0068) | fasolu taddi | Shoot | Fried as vegetables with eggs | N | 6 | 0.03 | L | X | ||||
| Glycirrhiza glabra L. (CORISSIA - S/0354) | niculizia | Root | Raw in salad | N, S | 15 | P | 0.03 | H | X | Y | Z | Cold, cough (N, S) |
| Lathyrus clymenum L. (CORISSIA - S/0402) | fasolu taddi | Shoot | Fried as vegetables with eggs | N | 6 | 0.03 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Lathyrus sativus L. (CORISSIA -S/0132) | chiecchiera | Fruit | Raw in salad | N | 2 | 0.009 | H | X | Y | |||
| Trifolium phleoides Willd. (CORISSIA - S/0223) | cuda di surciu, curi ri succi | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | E, N | 17 | 0.04 | H, L | X | Y | Diuretic (E) | ||
| Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet (CORISSIA - S/0187) | glicine | Aerial part , inflorescence | Sautéed vegetables with batter | N | 2 | 0.009 | L | |||||
| Malvaceae | ||||||||||||
| Malva sylvestris L. (CORISSIA - S/0227) | marva | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 16 | 0.08 | H | X | Y | Z | Anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, haemorroids, renal colics (E) | |
| Oxalidaceae | ||||||||||||
| Oxalis pes-caprae L. (CORISSIA - S/0244) | acetosella, castanziculli, castagnola | Leaf, bulb, root | Side dish, roast like chestnuts | E, M, N | 12 | 0.02 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Digestive (N) | |
| Orobanchaceae | ||||||||||||
| Orobanche crenata Forssk (CORISSIA - S/0209) | lupa | Aerial part, stem | Raw in salad | N, S | 5 | 0.01 | L | X | Cough (N) | |||
| Plantaginaceae | ||||||||||||
| Globularia alypum L. (CORISSIA - S/0334) | erva bianca | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 15 | 0.08 | H | X | Renal stones (E) | |||
| Plantago lagopus L. (CORISSIA - S/0165) | coda di gatto | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables | E | 16 | 0.08 | H | X | Y | Z | ||
| Plantago coronopus L. (CORISSIA - S/0278) | erva stidda | Aerial part, leaf | Boiled vegetables | N | 2 | 0.009 | L | X | Y | Astringent (N) | ||
| Poaceae | ||||||||||||
| Elymus repens (L.) Gould. (CORISSIA - S/0028) | gramigna | Whole plant | Boiled vegetables | E | 51 | 0.26 | H | X | Diuretic, hypertension, renal colics, stomach pains (E) | |||
| Polypodiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Polypodium vulgare L. (CORISSIA - S/0327) | filici | Leaf, root | Boiled vegetables | E | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Depurative, digestive, laxative (E) | |||
| Portulacaceae | ||||||||||||
| Portulaca oleracea L. (CORISSIA - S/0369) | purciddana | Aerial part | Raw in salad | E, M, N, S | 64 | P | 0.08 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Depurative (E) |
| Ranunculaceae | ||||||||||||
| Clematis cirrhosa L. (CORISSIA - S/0335) | viterbi | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 1 | 0.01 | L | |||||
| Clematis vitalba L. (CORISSIA - S/0328) | aliferi, clematidi | Turion | Mixed vegetables, omelettes, raw in salad | M | 20 | 0.13 | L | X | Y | Z | ||
| Rosaceae | ||||||||||||
| Fragaria vesca L. (CORISSIA - S/0362) | fraula silvatica | Fruit, leaf | Fresh fruit, marmalade | E, M, N | 23 | P | 0.04 | H | X | Y | Diuretic (E) | |
| Rosa canina L. (CORISSIA - S/0061) | rusera | Flower, fruit | Marmalade | M, N | 17 | 0.04 | L | X | Y | Z | Digestive (N) | |
| Rubus ulmifolius Schott (CORISSIA - S/0261) | amuredda, rivetta, rovi, ruvetta | Fruit, flower, leaf | Cakes, marmalade | M, N, S | 60 | P | 0.09 | H, L | X | Y | Z | Haemorrhoids (S) |
| Rubiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Asperula rupestris Tineo (CORISSIA - S/0193) | spuredda | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | N | 2 | 0.009 | L | |||||
| Scrophulariaceae | ||||||||||||
| Verbascum sinuatum L. (CORISSIA - S/0180) | erba de morroidi | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 2 | 0.01 | L | X | Haemorroids (E) | |||
| Smilacaceae | ||||||||||||
| Smilax aspera L. (CORISSIA - S/0073) | salsapariglia | Shoot | Boiled vegetables, sautéed vegetables with batter | M, N | 40 | P | 0.11 | H, L | X | Y | Z | |
| Solanaceae | ||||||||||||
| Lycium europaeum L. (CORISSIA - S/0166) | spina santa | Young shoot | Sautéed vegetables with batter | S | 3 | 0.01 | L | X | Y | Z | Digestive, refreshing (S) | |
| Urticaceae | ||||||||||||
| Parietaria officinalis L. (CORISSIA - S/0127) | erva i ventu | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E, N | 4 | 0.009 | H | X | Cough, diuretic, headache, hypertension, stomach pains (E) | |||
| Urtica dioica L. (CORISSIA - S/0260) | lardica, ortica | Leaf | Mixed vegetables, omelettes, raw in salad | M, N | 76 | P | 0.20 | H, L | X | Y | Anti-dandruff, anaemia (M), abscess, digestive (N) | |
| Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny (CORISSIA - S/0392) | ferdica | Aerial part | Raw in salad | S | 1 | 0 | L | X | Y | Z | Anti-inflammatory, digestive, refreshing (S) | |
| Urtica urens L. (CORISSIA - S/0017) | ardicula | Aerial part | Boiled vegetables, mixed vegetables with legumes | S | 18 | 0.08 | L | X | Y | Z | Digestive, refreshing (S) | |
| Urtica rupestris Guss. (CORISSIA - S/0169) | ardica | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 24 | P | 0.12 | H | X | Digestive, haemorroids, renal colics (E) | ||
| Xanthorrhoeaceae | ||||||||||||
| Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. (CORISSIA - S/0259) | asfodelo giallo, scannabecchi, scornabecchi | Aerial part, inflorescence | Boiled vegetables, fried as vegetables with eggs | E, M, N, S | 55 | P | 0.07 | H | X | Z | Diuretic (E) | |
| Asphodelus ramosus L. (CORISSIA - S/0403) | erva di oliva | Leaf | Boiled vegetables | E | 6 | 0.03 | H | X | Z |
Abbreviations
Symbols: H high level of perceived usefulness, L low level of perceived usefulness, P current use in the study area, X food use recorded also in other Italian regions, Y food use recorded also in other Mediterranean countries, Z species previously cited for food purposes in Sicily
Sicilian Regional Parks: E - Etna Regional Park; M - Madonie Regional Park; N - Nebrodi Regional Park; S - Monti Sicani Regional Park
References for Italian regions:
Atzei (1991); Ilardi and Raimondo [37]; Pieroni [104]; Lentini [40]; Pieroni [8]; Pieroni [72]; Guarrera [71]; Atzei [73]; Pieroni et al. [9]; Guarrera and Manzi [74]; Guarrera [108]; Guarrera et al. [12]; Lentini and Venza [14]; Pieroni (2011); Guarrera and Savo [82]; Ranfa et al. [28]; Sansanelli and Tassoni [7]
References for Mediterranean countries:
Jouad et al. [85]; Bonet and Vallès [81]; Ertuğ [99]; Dogan et al. [98]; Rivera et al. [10]; Tardío et al. [67]; Della et al. [11]; Ozbucak et al. [102]; Pardo-de-Santayana et al. [103]; Pardo-de-Santayana et al. (2007); Ali-Shtayeh et al. [68]; Leporatti and Ghedira [78]; Menendez-Baceta et al. [100]; Nassif and Tanji [101]; Powell et al. [105]