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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2016 Mar;27(2):284–290. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000424

Table 4.

Modification of the association between a standard deviation increase in the 1-year moving average of PM2.5 exposure and heart rate-corrected QT durationa; Normative Aging Study, 2003–2011.

Characteristics N visits Change in QTc in ms (95% CI)
Oxidative stress genetic score < median 153 3.1 (−3.7, 9.8)
Oxidative stress genetic score > median 287 8.5 (1.9, 15)
P for interaction 0.25
Not obeseb 392 6.1 (1.0, 11)
Obese 136 7.1 (−4.0, 18)
P for interaction 0.55
No diabetes 426 6.2 (1.4, 11)
Diabetes 102 6.0 (−7.5, 20)
P for interaction 0.83
No current beta blocker usec 294 6.5 (0.14, 13)
Current beta blocker use 234 2.1 (−4.7, 9.0)
P for interaction 0.34
a.

Models are adjusted for age, race, BMI, cholesterol, smoking history, current use of anti-hypertensive medications, diabetic status, alcohol intake, season, mean arterial pressure, and moving averages of temperature corresponding to the PM2.5 exposure duration of interest (using linear and quadratic terms).

b.

Models assessing interactions with obesity exclude BMI.

c.

Models assessing interactions with beta blocker use adjust for individual anti-hypertensive medications (ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor agonists, alpha blockers, and diuretics), rather than a combined anti-hypertensive medication use variable.