Table 4.
Univariate and multivariable analyses of laboratory predictors for death, failure, and default versus successful treatment outcome in patients with MDR-TB
| Factor | Died N=200 n (%) |
cRR (95% CI) for death | aRR* (95% CI) for death | Failed N=118 n (%) |
cRR (95% CI) for failure | aRR* (95% CI) for failure | Defaulted N=241 n (%) |
cRR (95% CI) for default | aRR* (95% CI) for default | Success** N=1156 n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline AFB smear status | ||||||||||
| Positive | 160 (19.3) | 2.67 (1.90–3.75) | 2.22 (1.60–3.10) | 89 (11.7) | 2.11 (1.40–3.17) | - | 156 (18.9) | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 1.35 (1.07–1.71) | 669 |
| Negative | 37 (7.2) | 1.00 | 28 (5.6) | 1.00 | 83 (14.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 474 | ||
| Unknown | 3 (18.8) | 2.59 (0.89–7.52) | 1.67 (0.52–5.38) | 1 (7.1) | 1.28 (0.19–8.76) | 2 (13.3) | 0.89 (0.24–3.30) | 1.47 (0.39–5.59) | 13 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Baseline resistance to any fluoroquinolone | ||||||||||
| Yes | 29 (24.8) | 2.01 (1.40–2.88) | - | 22 (20.0) | 2.75 (1.76–4.30) | 2.73 (1.71–4.37) | 12 (12.0) | 0.79 (0.45–1.37) | - | 88 |
| No | 106 (12.4) | 1.00 | 59 (7.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 135 (15.2) | 1.00 | 752 | ||
| Unknown | 65 (17.1) | 1.38 (1.04–1.83) | 37 (10.5) | 1.44 (0.97–2.13) | 0.80 (0.43–1.47) | 94 (22.9) | 1.51 (1.19–1.91) | 316 | ||
|
| ||||||||||
| Baseline resistance to any injectable SLD | ||||||||||
| Yes | 50 (15.5) | 1.27 (0.92–1.75) | - | 47 (14.7) | 2.22 (1.51–3.25) | - | 41 (13.1) | 0.88 (0.63–1.22) | - | 272 |
| No | 92 (12.2) | 1.00 | 47 (6.6) | 1.00 | 116 (14.9) | 1.00 | 661 | |||
| Unknown | 58 (20.6) | 1.69 (1.25–2.28) | 24 (9.7) | 1.46 (0.91–2.34) | 84 (27.4) | 1.83 (1.43–2.35) | 223 | |||
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| ||||||||||
| Baseline resistance to any thioamide | ||||||||||
| Yes | 58 (19.9) | 1.90 (1.37–2.62) | 1.59 (1.14–2.22) | 33 (12.4) | 1.93 (1.24–3.01) | 1.62 (1.12–2.34) | 38 (14.0) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | - | 233 |
| No | 65 (10.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38 (6.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 89 (13.9) | 1.00 | 553 | |
| Unknown | 77 (17.2) | 1.64 (1.21–2.23) | 1.36 (0.89–2.07) | 47 (11.3) | 1.75 (1.16–2.64) | 2.07 (1.07–3.98) | 114 (23.6) | 1.70 (1.32–2.18) | 370 | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Baseline XDR | ||||||||||
| Yes | 10 (24.4) | 1.82 (1.03–3.19) | - | 13 (29.5) | 3.80 (2.28–6.33) | - | 3 (8.8) | 0.59 (0.20–1.74) | - | 31 |
| No | 125 (13.4) | 1.00 | - | 68 (7.8) | 1.00 | - | 143 (15.1) | 1.00 | - | 806 |
| Unknown | 65 (16.9) | 1.26 (0.96–1.66) | - | 37 (10.4) | 1.34 (0.91–1.96) | - | 95 (22.9) | 1.52 (1.21–1.92) | - | 319 |
|
| ||||||||||
| Initial sputum culture conversion within 3 months of treatment*** | ||||||||||
| No | 77 (26.1) | 2.07 (1.44–2.96) | 1.69 (1.19–2.41) | 84 (27.8) | 7.20 (3.82–13.58) | 5.84 (3.02–11.27) | 70 (24.3) | 1.43 (1.04–1.97) | - | 218 |
| Yes | 87 (11.2) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 24 (3.4) | 0.87 (0.42–1.80) | 0.96 (0.46–1.99) | 120 (14.8) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) | 689 | |
| Baseline culture negative | 36 (12.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 10 (3.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 51 (17.0) | 1.00 | 249 | |
cRR = crude risk ratio (univariate analysis); aRR = adjusted risk ratio (multivariable analysis); CI = confidence interval.
*
Controlling for GLC site.
**
Successful treatment outcome is referent group for each poor outcome (death, treatment failure and default).
***
Cut point for timing of initial sputum culture conversion was chosen based on median time to conversion at 3 months of treatment (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0, 5.0). Risk ratios for predictors significant at P=0.05 are highlighted in bold.
Variables for which aRRs are not shown were not included in the final multivariable model.