Table 3.
Associations between PM2.5 over the entire pregnancy and pregnancy outcome, by level of adjustment (per 10 μg/m3).
| Model | Preterm birth OR (95% CI) | Term LBW OR (95% CI) | SGA OR (95% CI) | Term birth weight β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | 0.96 (0.93, 0.98) | 1.51 (1.44, 1.57) | 1.46 (1.43, 1.49) | –115.5 (–119.7, –111.3) |
| + neighborhood SESa | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 1.47 (1.41, 1.54) | 1.41 (1.38, 1.44) | –107.3 (–111.6, –103.0) |
| + individual covariatesb, neighborhood percent visible minority (fully adjusted) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | –20.5 (–24.7, –16.4) |
| 24 cities (fully adjusted) | 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.04) | –20.2 (–27.7, –12.6) |
| Quebec (fully adjusted) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | –16.1 (–26.5, –5.7) |
| aCensus dissemination area proportion of individuals ≥ 15 years of age who were unemployed (preterm birth model only), proportion of individuals ≥ 15 years of age in the lowest income quintile, and proportion of females ≥ 25 years of age with postsecondary education. bMaternal age and marital status, parity, urban/rural place of residence, airshed of maternal place of residence, place of birth of mother (within/outside Canada), year of birth, season of birth, and proportion of census dissemination area population who are visible minority; infant sex was also included in preterm birth, LBW, and birth weight models, and gestational age was also included in LBW and birth weight models. | ||||