Table 3.
Effect modification of NO2 impact on fetal growth: INMA study, 2003–2008 (Spain).
| Parameter | Effect modifier | Category | n | Mean NO2 | % diffa (95% CI) | p-Valueb | pintc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPD | Active smoking | Overall | 2,276 | 31.0 | –2.9 (–4.3, –1.5) | < 0.01 | |
| No | 1,545 | 30.5 | –1.6 (–3.3, 0.1) | 0.06 | |||
| Yes | 731 | 32.0 | –5.8 (–8.2, –3.5) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| FL | Vegetable intake | Overall | 2,340 | 30.8 | –1.0 (–2.3, 0.3) | 0.13 | |
| ≥ Median | 1,170 | 31.1 | –0.3 (–2.1, 1.6) | 0.78 | |||
| < Median | 1,170 | 30.4 | –2.0 (–3.9, –0.8) | 0.04 | 0.09 | ||
| GWG | Overall | 2,340 | 30.8 | –0.9 (–2.2, 0.4) | 0.19 | ||
| Medium | 863 | 30.1 | –1.1 (–5.3, 3.1) | 0.60 | |||
| Low | 544 | 32.1 | –1.1 (–3.7, 1.6) | 0.43 | 0.81 | ||
| High | 861 | 31.0 | 1.4 (–0.8, 3.6) | 0.22 | 0.01 | ||
| EFW | Active smoking | Overall | 2,264 | 31.0 | –2.2 (–3.8, –0.6) | 0.01 | |
| No | 1,536 | 30.4 | –1.5 (–3.5, 0.5) | 0.14 | |||
| Yes | 728 | 32.1 | –3.9 (–6.6, –1.2) | < 0.01 | 0.03 | ||
| GWG | Overall | 2,317 | 30.8 | –2.1 (–3.7, –0.5) | 0.01 | ||
| Medium | 876 | 30.1 | –2.7 (–5.3, –0.2) | 0.04 | |||
| Low | 563 | 32.0 | –1.9 (–4.8, 0.9) | 0.19 | 0.80 | ||
| High | 878 | 30.8 | –1.4 (–4.2, 1.4) | 0.33 | 0.07 | ||
| Overall estimates for NO2 at 0–12 weeks on size at week 34, restricted to valid cases for each potential effect modifier: sex, fruit and vegetable intake, type of cooking, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, rurality, weight gain, and season at conception. Effect estimates in each category are combined estimates by meta-analysis of cohort-specific estimates from the stratified analysis. aPercentage of difference in SD scores. bp-Value according to Wald test. cInteraction p-value; results are shown if pint < 0.1. The effect of NO2 on AC was not modified by anyone. | |||||||