Fig 4. Impairment of membrane integration of NSm inhibits its cell-to-cell movement in leaf epidermis of N. benthamiana.

(A) Diagram of amino acid residues for hydrophobic regions (HR1 to HR2) and two aspartate substitution mutants at sites of amino acids 133–135 and 177–179 in NSm. (B) Triton X-114 partitioning analysis of NSm^133-135D and NSm^177-179D aspartate substitution mutants. P30 pellet, aqueous phase (AP) and organic phase (OP) were analyzed by immunoblots using anti-NSm antibodies, respectively. (C-E) Cell-to-cell movement analysis of NSm^133-135D (D) and NSm^177-179D (E) mutant in N. benthamiana after bombardment. NSm^WT (C) was used as a positive control. Bar, 50 μm.