Table 2.

Results of HLM Investigating Change in NMAE Use (DVAR) From Fall (F) to Spring

Fixed effect	Coefficient	SE	df	p
January DVAR (intercept)	19.69	0.53	39	<.001
Fall DVAR coefficient	0.84	0.02	307	<.001
Time (mean change/month)	−0.28	0.09	306	.005
Fall DVAR X Time coefficient	−0.04	0.00	306	<.001
Final estimation of level 1 and level 2 variance components
Random effects	Variance	df	χ2	p
Intercept, r0	0.49	307	290.92	>.500
Level 1, e	109.33
Final estimation of level 3 variance components
Intercept u00	4.48	39	70.12	.002

Note. Deviance = 5236.33. Time (Month) and Fall DVAR (FDVAR) were grand mean centered at January = 5.3 and 20.68% respectively. Month coded as Fall = 1; Spring = 9.

Model:

$${\mathit{DVAR}}_{\mathit{tij}}={\gamma }_{\mathit{000}}+{\gamma }_{\mathit{010}}\ast {\text{FDVAR}}_{ij}+{\gamma }_{\mathit{100}}\ast {\mathit{MONTH}}_{\mathit{tij}}+{\gamma }_{\mathit{110}}\ast {\mathit{MONTH}}_{\mathit{tij}}\ast {\text{FDVAR}}_{ij}+r_{\mathit{0}ij}+u_{\mathit{00}j}+e_{\mathit{tij}}$$