Table 1.
Studies of Gene × Socioeconomic Status Interaction Included in the Meta-Analysis
| Study | Original report | Twin pairs | Effect sizes | Country | Phase of life | Data acquisition and analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study (BATS) | Bates, Hansel, Martin & Wright (2015) | 1,176 | 1 | Australia | Adolescence | Raw data were analyzed by current authors |
| Cognitive Ability, Self-Perceived Motivation, and School Achievement (CoSMoS) | Spengler, Gottschling, & Spinath (2011) | 542 | 1 | Germany | Adolescence | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
| Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) | Rhemtulla & Tucker-Drob (2012); Tucker-Drob, Rhemtulla, Harden, Turkheimer, & Fask (2011) | 750 | 6 | United States | Early childhood | Raw data were analyzed by current authors |
| Florida State Twin Registry (FSTR) | Soden-Hensler (2012) | 466 | 1 | United States | Middle childhood | Results were reported in original article |
| Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) | Bates, Lewis, & Weiss (2013) | 851 | 1 | United States | Adulthood | Raw data were analyzed by current authors |
| Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) | Kirkpatrick, McGue, & Iacono (2015) | 2,494 | 1 | United States | Adolescence | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
| National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP) | Turkheimer, Haley, Waldron, D’Onofrio, & Gottesman (2003) | 319 | 3 | United States | Early childhood | Raw data were analyzed by current authors |
| National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) | Jacobson & Vasilopoulos, 2012; Rowe, Jacobson, & Van den Oord (1999) | 1,909 | 2 | United States | Adolescence and early adulthood | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
| National Merit Twin Study | Harden, Turkheimer, & Loehlin (2007) | 839 | 2 | United States | Adolescence | Raw data were analyzed by current authors |
| Netherlands Twin Register–Adult (NTR-A) | van der Sluis, Willemsen, de Geus, Boomsma, & Posthuma (2008) | 314 | 4 | The Netherlands | Early and middle adulthood | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
| Netherlands Twin Register–Child (NTR-C) | Bartels, van Beijsterveldt, & Boomsma (2009) | 3,132 | 1 | The Netherlands | Middle childhood | Data reported in article were reanalyzed by current authors |
| Swedish Twin Registry | Fischbein (1980) | 215 | 2 | Sweden | Middle childhood | Data reported in article were reanalyzed by current authors |
| Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) | Asbury, Wachs, & Plomin (2005); Hanscombe et al. (2012) | 8,716 | 16 | England | Childhood and adolescence | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
| Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VET) | Grant et al. (2010); Kremen et al. (2005) | 3,203 | 2 | United States | Early and middle adulthood | Data were reanalyzed by original authors |
Note: The number of twin pairs for van der Sluis et al. (2008) was approximated by dividing the reported number of individual participants by 2. The number of pairs for the ECLS-B was rounded to the nearest 50 in accordance with data-security regulations.