Table 3.

Incident 4-year Disability by Frailty Status at Baseline. The 3C Study

	Mobility disability n = 3000				IADL disability† n = 5029				ADL disability‡ n = 5449
	Odds Ratio	95% CI*	p	p global	Odds Ratio	95% CI*	p	p global	Odds Ratio	95% CI*	p	p global
Unadjusted
Frailty				< .001				.001				.001
Nonfrail (reference)	1	-	-		1	-	-		1	-	-
Prefrail	1.52	1.31–1.76	< .001		1.76	1.45–2.13	< .001		1.21	0.71–2.07	.484
Frail	2.68	1.58–4.54	< .001		4.10	2.96–5.66	< .001		10.76	6.30–18.37	< .001
Adjusted
Frailty				.002				< .001				< .001
Nonfrail (reference)	1	-	-		1	-	-		1	-	-
Prefrail	1.33	1.13–1.57	< .001		1.43	1.15–1.78	.001		0.80	0.47–1.46	.556
Frail	1.58	0.88–2.85	.131		2.10	1.41–3.11	< .001		3.20	1.57–6.52	.001

Note: Adjusted for age, sex, education level, income, smoking status, drinker status, number of chronic diseases, self-reported health, Center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale (excluding the two questions used for the frailty definition), and Mini-mental state examination. For incident IADL disability, odds ratios were also adjusted for baseline mobility disability. For incident ADL disability odds ratios were adjusted for baseline mobility and IADL disability.

^*CI = Confidence interval.

^†IADL = Instrumental activities of daily living.

^‡ADL = Basic activities of daily living.