Table 2.
Complementary and integrative healthcare (CIH) services delivered per hospital stay among inpatients with mechanical low back pain by reason for hospitalization (n=1,152)
| Dorsal & lumbar fusion (n=867)
|
Disc excision and decompression (n=148)
|
Fractures and injuries (n=67)
|
Cervical fusion (n=48)
|
Others (n=22)
|
Total (n=1,152)
|
P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obs | % | Obs | % | Obs | % | Obs | % | Obs | % | Obs | % | ||
| Groups of CIH | |||||||||||||
| Bodyworka) | 169 | 19.5 | 25 | 16.9 | 29 | 43.3 | 8 | 16.7 | 5 | 22.7 | 236 | 20.5 | <0.001 |
| Mind-bodyb) | 86 | 9.9 | 13 | 8.8 | 3 | 4.5 | 7 | 14.6 | 4 | 18.2 | 113 | 9.9 | 0.172 |
| TCMc) | 66 | 7.6 | 33 | 22.3 | 5 | 7.5 | 9 | 18.8 | 1 | 4.6 | 114 | 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Bodywork/Mind-body | 221 | 25.5 | 30 | 20.3 | 12 | 17.9 | 15 | 31.3 | 7 | 31.8 | 285 | 24.8 | 0.387 |
| Bodywork/TCM | 68 | 7.8 | 14 | 9.5 | 4 | 6.0 | 4 | 8.3 | 1 | 4.6 | 91 | 7.9 | 0.945 |
| Mind-body/TCM | 96 | 11.1 | 19 | 12.8 | 4 | 6.0 | 1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 120 | 10.4 | 0.112 |
| Bodywork/Mind-body/TCM | 161 | 18.6 | 14 | 9.5 | 10 | 14.9 | 4 | 8.3 | 4 | 18.2 | 193 | 16.7 | 0.062 |
| Individual types of CIH | |||||||||||||
| Acupressure | 200 | 23.1 | 31 | 21.0 | 11 | 16.4 | 8 | 16.7 | 4 | 18.2 | 254 | 22.0 | 0.581 |
| Acupuncture | 206 | 23.8 | 55 | 37.2 | 18 | 26.9 | 14 | 29.2 | 3 | 13.6 | 296 | 25.7 | 0.008 |
| Craniosacral | 4 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.858 |
| Energy | 118 | 13.6 | 14 | 9.5 | 9 | 13.4 | 7 | 14.6 | 3 | 13.6 | 152 | 13.2 | 0.731 |
| Guided imagery | 51 | 5.9 | 9 | 6.1 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 4.2 | 3 | 13.6 | 67 | 5.8 | 0.281 |
| Healing touch | 82 | 9.5 | 10 | 6.8 | 7 | 10.5 | 5 | 10.4 | 2 | 9.1 | 107 | 9.3 | 0.855 |
| Korean hand therapy | 57 | 6.6 | 7 | 4.7 | 4 | 6.0 | 4 | 8.3 | 1 | 4.6 | 73 | 6.3 | 0.881 |
| Massage | 569 | 65.6 | 62 | 41.9 | 45 | 67.2 | 27 | 56.3 | 12 | 54.6 | 716 | 62.1 | <0.001 |
| Music | 9 | 1.0 | 6 | 4.1 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 1.5 | 0.040 |
| Qi Gong | 89 | 10.3 | 10 | 6.8 | 7 | 10.5 | 4 | 8.3 | 2 | 9.1 | 112 | 9.7 | 0.749 |
| Reflexology | 83 | 9.6 | 20 | 13.5 | 9 | 13.4 | 6 | 12.5 | 4 | 18.2 | 122 | 10.6 | 0.357 |
| Reiki | 21 | 2.4 | 4 | 2.7 | 2 | 3.0 | 2 | 4.2 | 1 | 4.6 | 30 | 2.6 | 0.918 |
| Relaxation techniques | 389 | 44.9 | 49 | 33.1 | 16 | 23.9 | 20 | 41.7 | 10 | 45.5 | 485 | 42.0 | 0.002 |
| Tui Na | 11 | 1.3 | 7 | 4.7 | 5 | 7.5 | 2 | 4.2 | 2 | 9.1 | 27 | 2.3 | <0.001 |
Note:
a)
includes craniosacral, massage, reflexology, and Tui Na therapies;
b)
includes healing touch, Reiki, guided imagery, music, relaxation, Qi Gong, and energy therapies; and
c)
denotes “traditional Chinese medicine,” and includes acupressure, acupuncture, and Korean hand therapies.