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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Complement Ther Med. 2015 Nov 25;24:7–12. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.11.002
Inclusion criteria by clinical category ICD-9-CM* codes
 Herniated disc 722.10, 722.11, 722.2, 722.70, 722.73
 Probable degenerative changes 721.3, 721.5–721.8, 721.90, 722.52, 722.6, 722.90, 722.93
 Spinal stenosis 721.42, 721.91, 724.00, 724.02, 724.09
 Possible instability 724.6, 738.4, 756.11, 756.12
 Fractures 805.4, 805.6, 805.8
 Non-specific backache 307.89, 724.2, 724.5, 846.0–846.3, 846.8, 846.9, 847.2, 847.3, 847.9
 Sequelae of previous back surgery 722.80, 722.83, 996.4
 Miscellaneous 722.30, 722.32, 724.3, 724.4, 724.8, 724.9, 737.10, 737.11, 737.12, 737.19, 737.20, 737.21, 737.22, 737.29, 737.30, 738.5, 739.3, 739.4, 756.10, 756.13, 756.14, 756.15, 756.16, 756.17, 756.19
Reasons for exclusion ICD-9-CM* codes
 Neoplasms 140.0–239.9
 Intraspinal abscess 324.1
 Pregnancy 630–676
 Inflammatory spondyloarthropathies 720.0–720.9
 Osteomyelitis 730–730.99
 Vertebral fractures with spinal cord injury 806.0 – 806.9
 Open vertebral fractures without spinal cord injury 805
 Vertebral dislocations 839–839.59
 Vehicular accidents E800-E849.9

Note:

*

indicates the international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification.