. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 13.

Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2015 Nov 13;45(10):813–836. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1065471

Table 1.

Partial listing of USEPA pesticide benchmarks for human and aquatic health.

Pesticide Group	Pesticide	Soil Half-Life (days)	Human (µg L⁻¹)^*	Fish (µg L⁻¹)^*	Invertebrates (µg L⁻¹)^*	Nonvascular Plants (µg L⁻¹)^*	Vascular Plants (µg L⁻¹)^*
Insecticides	carbofuran	50		44	1.115	0.75
	chlorpyrifos	30	100	0.9	0.05	140
	diazinon	40		45	0.105	3700
	dimethoate	7	130	3100	21.5	84
	endosulfan	50	150	0.05	0.3	428
	fenitrothion	6		860	1.15
	lindane	450	3960	0.85	0.5
	malathion	1		16.5	0.295	2400	>9630
	methoxychlor	120		7.5	0.7
	permethrine	40		0.395	0.0106	68
Herbicides	2,4-D	10			12500
	atrazine	60		2650	360	<1	0.001
	bentazone	20		>50000	>50000	4500	5350
	diuron	90		200	80	2.4	15
	glyphosate	47		21500	26600	12100	11900
	linuron	60		1500	60	13.7	2.5
	paraquat	1000		6000	600	0.396	71
	simazine	60		3200	500	2.24	140
	tebuthiuron	360		53000	148500	50	135
	tri-allate	82	1650	600	45.5	120	2400
Fungicides	captan	3	3300	13.1	4200	320	>12700
	chlorothalonil	30		5.25	1.8	6.8	630
	dicloran	140	16500
	fenpropimorph	4	4950
	propiconazole	30	3000	425	650	21	4828
	thiophanate methyl	7		4150	2700	930	>4700
	thiram	15	462	21	105	140	1600

Values are based on USEPA acute toxicity standards.