Table 2.

Influence of urea and citric acid as additional compounds on virus-inactivating properties of an alcohol-based formulation against poliovirus (PV), adenovirus (AdV) and polyomavirus SV40 (SV40)

PV		concentration of citric acid (%)
		0.5 %	1.0 %	1.5 %	2.0 %	2.5 %
Concentration of urea (%)	2.5 %	n.d.	3.25 ± 0.58	4.75 ± 0.50	4.88 ± 0.62	5.25 ± 0.51
	2.0 %	n.d.	3.13 ± 0.53	4.13 ± 0.53	4.00 ± 0.54	5.25 ± 0.52
	1.5 %	n.d.	3.13 ± 0.56	4.00 ± 0.58	4.88 ± 0.53	5.13 ± 0.55
	1.0 %	n.d.	n.d.	4.13 ± 0.55	4.25 ± 0.58	5.13 ± 0.52
	0.5 %	n.d.	n.d.	3.00 ± 0.53	3.25 ± 0.50	2.88 ± 0.53
	0 %	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	3.38 ± 0.55	3.63 ± 0.62
AdV		Concentration of citric acid (%)
		0.5 %	1.0 %	1.5 %	2.0 %	2.5 %
Concentration of urea (%)	2.5 %	n.d.	2.00 ± 0.66	3.25 ± 0.64	3.88 ± 0.53	5.38 ± 0.65
	2.0 %	n.d.	2.13 ± 0.53	3.00 ± 0.58	4.00 ± 0.46	4.13 ± 0.53
	1.5 %	n.d.	1.63 ± 0.65	2.25 ± 0.57	3.75 ± 0.58	4.38 ± 0.64
	1.0 %	n.d.	n.d.	2.63 ± 0.59	2.50 ± 0.59	2.25 ± 0.68
	0.5 %	n.d.	n.d.	2.63 ± 0.59	2.75 ± 0.56	3.63 ± 0.59
	0 %	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	3.00 ± 0.65	3.00 ± 0.58
SV40		Concentration of citric acid (%)
		0.5 %	1.0 %	1.5 %	2.0 %	2.5 %
Concentration of urea (%)	2.5 %	n.d.	3.13 ± 0.52	4.25 ± 0.50	5.00 ± 0.53	5.50 ± 0.27
	2.0 %	n.d.	3.25 ± 0.50	4.88 ± 0.53	4.50 ± 0.38	5.13 ± 0.52
	1.5 %	n.d.	2.88 ± 0.59	4.00 ± 0.59	4.00 ± 0.58	4.50 ± 0.38
	1.0 %	n.d.	n.d.	2.75 ± 0.63	3.25 ± 0.50	4.25 ± 0.50
	0.5 %	n.d.	n.d.	2.88 ± 0.62	3.00 ± 0.58	4.13 ± 0.55
	0 %	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	3.38 ± 0.45	3.88 ± 0.52

Tests were carried out in a quantitative suspension assay with FCS as interfering substance and 60 s exposure time. Results presented as reduction factor (RF) with 95 % confidence interval. n.d. not determined