Table 1.
Stillbirth outcome overall and for HIV + ve only
| All women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Multivariable iv | |||||
| Variable | Live births: n (% i) | Stillbirths: n (%) | p-value ii | 0R iii (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
| Year | ||||||
| 2011 | 4226 (96.73) | 143 (3.27) | 0.006 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| 2014 | 5349 (97.65) | 129 (2.35) | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) | 0.03 | |
| Age Category | ||||||
| < 18 | 812 (98.19) | 15 (1.81) | 0.045 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| 18–24 | 4248 (97.52) | 108 (2.48) | 1.38 (0.8–2.37) | 1.37 (0.79–2.38) | 0.26 | |
| 25–34 | 3544 (96.78) | 118 (3.22) | 1.8 (1.05–3.1) | 1.86 (1.06–3.25) | 0.03 | |
| > 34 | 863 (96.64) | 30 (3.36) | 1.88 (1.01–3.52) | 1.99 (1.04–3.81) | 0.037 | |
| Mode of Delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 6480 (96.95) | 204 (3.05) | 0.006 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Emergency Caesarean | 1420 (97.46) | 37 (2.54) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.08 | |
| Planned Caesarean | 1661 (98.34) | 28 (1.66) | 0.54 (0.36–0.8) | 0.58 (0.39–0.88) | 0.01 | |
| HIV | ||||||
| Negative | 5786 (97.8) | 130 (2.2) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Positive | 3607 (96.88) | 116 (3.12) | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 1.26 (0.97–1.65) | 0.088 | |
| Unregistered Antenatal | 175 (87.5) | 25 (12.5) | 6.36 (4.04–10.01) | 6.1 (3.86–9.64) | <0.001 | |
| HIV + ve women only | ||||||
| Bivariate | Multivariable iv | |||||
| Variable | Live births: n (%) | Stillbirths: n (%) | p-value | 0R (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
| Year | ||||||
| 2011 | 1559 (96.35) | 59 (3.65) | 0.102 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| 2014 | 2048 (97.29) | 57 (2.71) | 0.74 (0.51–1.06) | 0.52 (0.27–0.97) | 0.041 | |
| Age Category | ||||||
| < 18 | 89 (95.7) | 4 (4.3) | 0.018 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| 18–24 | 1167 (98.15) | 22 (1.85) | 0.42 (0.14–1.24) | 0.79 (0.18–3.5) | 0.759 | |
| 25–34 | 1830 (96.16) | 73 (3.84) | 0.89 (0.32–2.48) | 1.71 (0.41–7.24) | 0.463 | |
| > 34 | 488 (96.83) | 16 (3.17) | 0.73 (0.24–2.23) | 1.41 (0.31–6.4) | 0.66 | |
| Mode of Delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 2385 (96.52) | 86 (3.48) | 0.093 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Emergency Caesarean | 548 (97.34) | 15 (2.66) | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.75 (0.4–1.39) | 0.362 | |
| Planned Caesarean | 666 (98.09) | 13 (1.91) | 0.54 (0.3–0.98) | 0.57 (0.31–1.06) | 0.074 | |
| CD4 category | ||||||
| > 500 | 333 (97.65) | 8 (2.35) | 0.047 | 1 (ref) | Excluded as co-linear with ART regimen | |
| 351–500 | 341 (99.42) | 2 (0.58) | 0.24 (0.05–1.16) | |||
| 201–350 | 327 (96.75) | 11 (3.25) | 1.4 (0.56–3.53) | |||
| < 200 | 169 (96.02) | 7 (3.98) | 1.72 (0.61–4.83) | |||
| ART regimen | ||||||
| Nil ARVs | 128 (86.49) | 20 (13.51) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| AZT/NVP | 957 (98.25) | 17 (1.75) | 0.11 (0.06–0.22) | 0.08 (0.04–0.16) | <0.001 | |
| D4T/3TC/NVP | 869 (95.81) | 38 (4.19) | 0.28 (0.16–0.5) | 0.2 (0.11–0.38) | <0.001 | |
| EFV/TDF/FTC | 1629 (97.78) | 37 (2.22) | 0.15 (0.08–0.26) | 0.18 (0.1–0.34) | <0.001 | |
i row percentage, ii Chi-square, iii Odds Ratio, iv following variables were adjusted for in the multivariable adjusted model, year age group, mode of delivery, pregnancy term category, HIV, status
i AZT/NVP vs D4T/3TC/NVP p-value = 0.002, ii AZT/NVP vs FTC p-value = 0.041, iii D4T/3TC/NVP vs FTC p-value = 0.768, iv following variables were adjusted for in the multivariable adjusted model, year age group, mode of delivery, pregnancy term category, HIV status, CD4 (HIV positive mothers only), ART regimen (HIV positive mothers only)