Table 2. Mortality from neglected tropical diseases, by cause, Brazil, 2000–2011.
| Disease (ICD-10 code) | No. (% of total NTDs) | Median age (years) | Males (%) | Average annual no. of deaths | Notified deathsa (%) | Deaths from infectious and parasitic diseasesb (%) | Crude mortality rates per 100 000 population per year (95% CI)c | Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 population per year (95% CI)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chagas disease (B57) | 58 928 (76.7) | 65.6 | 57.3 | 4 910.7 | 0.47 | 10.55 | 2.65 (2.57–2.72) | 3.37 (3.29–3.46) |
| Schistosomiasis (B65) | 6 319 (8.2) | 62.8 | 54.3 | 526.6 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 0.28 (0.26–0.31) | 0.35 (0.33–0.38) |
| Leishmaniasis (B55)e | 3 466 (4.5) | 30.7 | 62.8 | 288.8 | 0.03 | 0.62 | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) | 0.16 (0.14–0.18) |
| Dengue (A90–A91) | 3 156 (4.1) | 41.4 | 51.5 | 263.0 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.14 (0.13–0.16) | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) |
| Leprosy (A30–B92) | 2 936 (3.8) | 64.2 | 72.1 | 244.7 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 0.13 (0.12–0.15) | 0.16 (0.15–0.18) |
| Taeniasis/ cysticercosis (B68, B69)f | 1 231 (1.6) | 46.8 | 56.3 | 102.6 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) |
| Soil-transmitted helminthiases (B76, B77, B79)g | 518 (0.7) | 2.7 | 46.5 | 43.2 | NC | 0.09 | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) |
| Rabies (A82) | 113 (0.1) | 14.7 | 65.5 | 9.4 | NC | 0.02 | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) |
| Echinococcosis (B67) | 82 (0.1) | 55.6 | 62.2 | 6.8 | NC | 0.01 | NC | NC |
| Filariasis (B74) | 66 (0.1) | 59.6 | 40.9 | 5.5 | NC | 0.01 | NC | NC |
| Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) (B56) | 9 (< 0.1) | 64.7 | 36.4 | 0.8 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Endemic treponematoses (A65, A66, A67)h | 8 (< 0.1) | 56.3 | 50.0 | 0.7 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Onchocerciasis (river blindness) (B73) | 5 (< 0.1) | 2.2 | 60.0 | 0.4 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Buruli ulcer (A31.1) | 3 (< 0.1) | 76.1 | 33.3 | 0.3 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease; B72) | 3 (< 0.1) | 62.3 | 33.3 | 0.3 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Trachoma (A71) | 2 (< 0.1) | 31.9 | 100.0 | 0.2 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Foodborne trematodiases (B66.0, B66.1, B66.3, B66.4)i | 2 (< 0.1) | 56.1 | 50.0 | 0.2 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Total deaths from NTDs | 76 847 (100.0) | 63.8 | 57.6 | 6 403.9 | 0.62 | 13.75 | 3.45 (3.37–3.54) | 4.30 (4.21–4.40) |
| HIV (B20–B24) | 136 829 (NA) | 39.1 | 67.1 | 11 402.4 | 1.10 | 24.49 | 6.15 (6.04–6.26) | 6.79 (6.67–6.91) |
| Tuberculosis (A15–A19) | 59 281 (NA) | 53.5 | 73.6 | 4 940.1 | 0.47 | 10.61 | 2.66 (2.59–2.74) | 3.14 (3.06–3.22) |
| Malaria (B50–B54) | 1 288 (NA) | 32.9 | 62.6 | 107.3 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) |
CI: confidence interval; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision; NA: not applicable; NC: not calculated; NTDs: neglected tropical diseases.
a Mortality by cause divided by the total number of deaths in the period (12 491 280 deaths).
b Mortality by cause divided by deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases – ICD-10 codes A00-B99 (558 706 deaths).
c Average crude mortality rates.
d Mortality rates standardized to the 2010 Brazilian population.
e Visceral leishmaniasis – B55.0: 2727; Cutaneous leishmaniasis – B55.1: 174; Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis – B55.2: 67; Leishmaniasis, unspecified – B55.9: 498.
f Cysticercosis – B69: 2007 deaths; Taeniasis – B68: 13 deaths.
g Ascariasis – B77: 827 deaths; Hookworm – B76: 25 deaths; Trichuriasis – B79: 1 death.
h Yaws – A66: 23 deaths; Pinta – A67: 4 deaths; Bejel (endemic syphilis) – A65: 4 deaths.
i Fascioliasis – B66.3: 4 deaths; Opisthorchiasis – B66.0: 1 death; Paragonimiasis – B66.4: 1 death; Clonorchiasis – B66.3: 0 deaths.