Table 2.
Percent of Births Delivered by Cesarean by BMI for Term, Singleton, Vertex Births to Mothers with No Prior Cesarean by Selected Characteristics: 38 States and DC, 2012
| Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II | Obese III | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of mother | Total* (n = 388,125)† |
(BMI < 18.5) (n = 10,512) |
(BMI 18.5–24.9) (n = 156,173) |
(BMI 25.0–29.9) (n = 101,844) |
(BMI 30.0–34.9) (n = 60,996) |
(BMI 35.0–39.9) (n = 32,369) |
(BMI ≥ 40.0) (n = 26,231) |
| All | 18.0 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 18.8 | 22.9 | 27.4 | 35.1 |
| Race and Hispanic origin | |||||||
| Hispanic | 16.9 | 12.5 | 14.6 | 16.6 | 19.7 | 23.9 | 30.3 |
| Non-Hispanic | |||||||
| White | 17.5 | 10.8 | 13.8 | 18.9 | 23.9 | 28.4 | 36.4 |
| Black | 21.5 | 11.9 | 16.8 | 21.6 | 25.0 | 29.4 | 36.6 |
| AIAN | 15.7 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 15.2 | 18.1 | 21.8 | 29.8 |
| Asian | 19.2 | 15.1 | 18.3 | 22.4 | 25.3 | 29.5 | 35.6 |
| NHOPI | 17.4 | 15.4 | 13.4 | 16.9 | 19.0 | 21.9 | 28.1 |
| Age of mother | |||||||
| Under 20 | 16.9 | 10.4 | 14.0 | 19.1 | 24.2 | 30.5 | 39.6 |
| 20–24 | 16.9 | 11.0 | 13.4 | 17.5 | 22.0 | 27.0 | 34.9 |
| 25–29 | 17.1 | 11.6 | 13.8 | 17.7 | 21.5 | 25.4 | 33.3 |
| 30–34 | 18.1 | 13.0 | 14.9 | 18.9 | 22.7 | 27.1 | 34.6 |
| 35–39 | 21.2 | 15.5 | 17.8 | 21.6 | 25.8 | 30.8 | 37.9 |
| 40 or more | 27.6 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 28.2 | 31.6 | 36.7 | 45.0 |
| Education of mother | |||||||
| Less than high school | 14.5 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 14.4 | 17.3 | 21.8 | 28.4 |
| High school diploma | 17.5 | 11.4 | 13.9 | 17.5 | 21.7 | 25.9 | 33.5 |
| Some college/Associate’s degree | 19.0 | 11.9 | 14.9 | 19.3 | 23.7 | 28.1 | 36.1 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 19.1 | 12.8 | 15.5 | 21.8 | 27.2 | 32.8 | 41.3 |
| Master’s or doctorate | 19.8 | 14.1 | 16.6 | 23.1 | 29.6 | 34.8 | 43.6 |
| Birthplace of mother | |||||||
| Born in the 50 states and DC | 18.1 | 10.9 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 23.5 | 28.0 | 35.6 |
| Born outside the 50 states and DC | 17.6 | 14.4 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 20.2 | 23.6 | 29.5 |
| Live birth order | |||||||
| First | 26.9 | 16.3 | 21.6 | 29.6 | 36.5 | 43.0 | 52.8 |
| Second | 11.2 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 24.4 |
| Third | 9.8 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 10.0 | 12.7 | 15.6 | 21.1 |
| Fourth or higher | 8.7 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 13.3 | 17.0 |
| Month prenatal care began | |||||||
| First trimester | 18.5 | 12.1 | 15.0 | 19.4 | 23.7 | 28.3 | 36.0 |
| After first trimester or none | 16.4 | 11.1 | 13.5 | 16.8 | 20.5 | 24.9 | 32.6 |
| Source of payment | |||||||
| Medicaid | 17.3 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 17.2 | 20.9 | 25.5 | 32.7 |
| Private insurance | 19.4 | 12.5 | 15.6 | 21.1 | 26.1 | 30.8 | 39.3 |
| Self-pay | 11.6 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 23.9 |
| Other | 16.0 | 10.5 | 13.6 | 16.6 | 20.2 | 23.1 | 29.8 |
| WIC‡ | 17.7 | 11.7 | 14.2 | 17.5 | 21.4 | 26.1 | 33.7 |
| Not WIC‡ | 18.3 | 12.1 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 24.6 | 29.1 | 37.3 |
| Smoker§ | 17.6 | 11.4 | 13.9 | 17.9 | 22.1 | 26.4 | 33.8 |
| Nonsmoker§ | 18.0 | 12.0 | 14.7 | 18.8 | 22.9 | 27.5 | 35.2 |
| Infant breastfed¶ | 18.2 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 19.2 | 23.6 | 28.2 | 36.4 |
| Infant not breastfed¶ | 18.6 | 11.6 | 14.9 | 18.6 | 22.6 | 26.9 | 34.2 |
| Diabetes | |||||||
| Prepregnancy | 40.5 | 28.9 | 32.7 | 37.7 | 40.7 | 44.6 | 54.2 |
| Gestational | 26.4 | 15.6 | 20.1 | 23.9 | 28.6 | 34.6 | 41.9 |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Prepregnancy | 31.9 | 17.6 | 21.9 | 27.4 | 30.8 | 37.7 | 44.3 |
| Gestational | 31.5 | 20.5 | 25.5 | 29.8 | 33.8 | 38.3 | 46.0 |
Includes California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Excludes unknown BMI.
Number of cesareans.
Mother received WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) food during this pregnancy.
Excludes Michigan, which does not report smoking during pregnancy in a form comparable to that of the national standard.
Infant was breastfed in the period between birth and hospital discharge. Excludes California, which does not report this item.
BMI = body mass index.