Table 5.
Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in the open-repair study
| Non–AKI group (n = 29) | AKI group (n = 13) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 26/3 | 12/1 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 67 (64–72) | 72 (69–78) | 0.025 |
| Body weight (kg) | 61 (56–74) | 68 (64–69) | 0.187 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (21–25) | 24 (24–26) | 0.094 |
| ASA status (II/III) | 21/8 | 7/6 | 0.486 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (7) | 3 (23) | 0.134 |
| Hypertension | 24 (92) | 12 (92) | 0.414 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 13 (45) | 11 (85) | 0.016 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (24) | 5 (38) | 0.342 |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | |||
| Ca inhibitor | 17 (59) | 8 (62) | 0.859 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 17 (59) | 8 (62) | 0.859 |
| Statin | 14 (48) | 5 (38) | 0.555 |
| Diuretic | 2 (7) | 2 (15) | 0.386 |
| NSAID | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.498 |
| Smoking history | 16 (55) | 7 (54) | 0.936 |
| Preoperative urinary L-FABP (μg/g Cr) | 4.1 (2.3–7.0) | 4.4 (2.9–11.9) | 0.863 |
| Preoperative urinary albumin (mg/g Cr) | 9.9 (6.4–13.8) | 20 (8.3–69.3) | 0.128 |
| Preoperative SCr (mg/dl) | 0.85 (0.75–1.06) | 0.92 (0.85–1.31) | 0.268 |
| Preoperative eGFRa (ml/min) | 67.3 (52.7–77.9) | 62.3 (44.8–68.7) | 0.196 |
| General anesthesia | 0 | 0 | |
| General anesthesia with epidural | 29 | 13 | |
| Duration of anesthesia (min) | 470 (410–585) | 580 (500–640) | 0.084 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 345 (261–445) | 443 (350–499) | 0.077 |
| Duration of AXC (min) | 66 (55–88) | 58 (46–95) | 0.624 |
| Fluids infusion (ml) | 5560 (4300–6750) | 5560 (4100–6890) | 0.924 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 2620 (1620–3926) | 2343 (2179–3835) | 0.765 |
| Operative and postoperative details | |||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 19 (16–28) | 20 (17–24) | 0.917 |
| RRT required upon discharge | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| In-hospital death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%)
AKI acute kidney injury, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, ACE inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Cr creatinine, SCr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, RRT renal replacement therapy, AXC aortic cross-clamping
aeGFR was calculated according to the Japanese coefficient-modified Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: eGFR = 194 x (creatinine)−1.094 × (age)−0.287 × (0.739 if female)22